Gallic Acid and Its Derivatives: Promising Candidates in Combating SARS-CoV-2 Viral Proteases

Mary´´elle Gobatto de Carvalho
OrcID

    Mary´´elle Gobatto de Carvalho

    Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-7197

    Atualmente é pesquisadora de Pós Doutorado em um projeto vinculado à Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), desenvolvido na UNICAMP sob a supervisão da Dra. Ljubica Tasic. É Doutora em Química Orgânica pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Mestre em Química Aplicada pela Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) e Bacharel em Química Industrial pela Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR). É também especialista na área de Ensino de Química e Ciências. Sua expertise é na área de Síntese Orgânica, com ênfase em síntese de compostos bioativos e no desenvolvimento de metodologias sintéticas. Possui experiência em ensaios in vitro e citotoxicidade da protease Mpro do SARS-CoV-2 e poligalacturonases e em expressão de proteínas heterólogas de fungos.Seu interesse é na área de Química Medicinal.

Keywords

gallic acid, SARS-CoV-2, protease inhibitors

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the importance of seeking new therapeutic approaches, especially in light of the rapid spread of the virus, the limited availability of effective treatments, and the emergence of new variants. SARS-CoV-2 uses cell entry mechanisms mediated by the Spike (S) protein and, after infection, depends on the action of essential viral proteases—such as Mpro (main protease) and PLpro (papain-like protease)—for its replication. These targets have become strategic for the development of new antiviral drugs. In this context, natural products and their derivatives, such as gallic acid (GA), emerge as promising alternatives, as they are widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. This review article explores the replication mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 proteases and discusses the therapeutic potential of GA and its derivatives as promising candidates for viral inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 proteases. Significant data were collected from different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) using keywords such as gallic acid, SARS-CoV-2, and protease inhibitors. In silico and in vitro studies have shown that GA and its derivatives can act as potential inhibitors of the Mpro and PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2.

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Gallic Acid and Its Derivatives: Promising Candidates in Combating SARS-CoV-2 Viral Proteases. Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2026 May 4 [cited 2026 May 9];20:e1932. Available from: https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/1932
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