Abstract
Acorus calamus is an exotic species, known as calamus. Its rhizomes are indicated for liver disorders, rinsing, anemia and anxiety. This monograph is the result of research to validate the uses of flowers as an antispasmodic, presented by Rodolpho Albino through the first pharmacopoeia of Brazil, from the 20th century. The research was conducted by searching for articles in PUBMED, EMBASE, and BVS databases using specific search queries. Phytochemical studies have shown that Acorus calamus contains various bioactive substances, being rich in essential oils characterized by the presence of phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, and, to a lesser extent, monoterpenes. Its main components are α- and β-asarone, which are responsible for a large part of its biological activities in the central nervous system, as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. In this monograph, preclinical research corroborates some of these uses, demonstrating neuroprotective, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and possible hepatoprotective effects. However, the presence of β-asarone, associated with potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in animal studies, raises concerns about the safety of its prolonged use or in high doses.