Estudo Prospectivo de Leguminosas da Amazônia Central. II. Composição Química dos Óleos das Sementes

A. C. Siani; M. D. Behrens; M. R. R. Tappin; R. Favoreto; V. P. Silva; M. J. Nakamura; A. P. Barbosa; L. A. Sousa

doi:10.32712/2446-4775.2006.35

A Chemical Survey of Central Amazonian Leguminosae Species. II. Composition of the Seed Oils

Vol. 1 No. 03 (2006)
58-64
14/10/2013
31/03/2006
https://doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2006.35

A. C. Siani
M. D. Behrens
M. R. R. Tappin
R. Favoreto
V. P. Silva
M. J. Nakamura
A. P. Barbosa
L. A. Sousa

Keywords

Amazonian Leguminosae

Seed oil

Fatty acids

Gas chromatography

Abstract

The fatty acid constitution of oils from the seeds of eleven Amazonian species of Leguminosae, namely Acosmium nitens Yakovl, Bauhinia splendens Kunt, Caesalpinia ferrea Martius var. ferrea, Clathrotropis nitida (Benth.) Harms., Cynometria spruceana Benth., Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth., Ormosia excelsa Benth., Parkia discolor Benth., Peltogyne venosa (Vahl.) Benth., Stryphnodendron guianense Benth., Vatairea guianensis Aubl., were determined. The individual components of the oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, using two columns having stationary phases with different polarities. The fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters, prepared by alcaline hydrolysis of the triglycerides followed by treatment with diazomethane. The mixture of fatty esters was better separated in the more polar stationary phase (polyethylene glycol). Palmitic acid was representative (18% to 35%) in five species, being especially high (52%) in C. ferrea. The stearic acid content is significant (18% to 31%) in four species, rising to about 80% in B. splendens. Oleic acid constitutes 44% of the fatty acids in A. nitens and is representative (20% to 29%) in four other species. Other constituents, such as arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids, are present at variable concentrations (up to 20%) in most of the samples. The presence of linolenic acid is also notable in S. guianense (15%) and C. spruceana (6.2%). The high crude oil yield of B. splendens (higher than 20%) suggests it as a potential source of stearic acid for industrial purposes. Seeds of five other species had crude oil content between 6% and 10%.

References

AKINTAYO, E.T. Characteristics and composition of Parkia biglobbossa and Jatropha curcas oils and cakes. Bioresource Technology, v.92, n.3, p.307-10, 2004.
AXTELL, B.L.; FAIRMAN, R.M. (org.). Minor Oil Crops, Food Agricultural Services Bulletin N.º 94. ed. FAO, Rome, Organisation of the United Nations, 1992.
AIYELAAGBE, O.O.; AJAIYEOBA, E.O.; EKUNDAYO, O. Studies on the seed oils of Parkia biblobosa and Parkia bicolour. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, v.49, 229-233, 1996.
BARREIRO, J.A.; BRITO, P.O.; HEVIA, C.: OROZCO, P. M. Utilización de la semilla del Chigo (Campsiandra comosa Benth.) en la alimentación humana. I. Antecedentes, potencial nutricional y características de la planta y la semilla. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, v.34, n.3, p.523-530, 1984a.
BARREIRO, J.A.; BRITO, P.O.; HEVIA, C.: OROZCO, P. M. Utilización de la semilla del Chigo (Campsiandra comosa Benth.) en la alimentación humana. II. Proceso de fabricación artesanal de chiga. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, v.34, n.3, p.531-542, 1984b.
BELTRÃO, E.I.; MEDEIROS, P.L.; RODRIGUES, O.G.; FIGUEIREDO-SILVA, J.; VALENÇA, M.M.; COELHO, L.C.; CARVALHO Jr., L.BB.; Parkia pendula lectin as histochemistry marker for meningothelial tumour. European Journal of Histochemistry, vol.47, n.2., p.139-142, 2003.
CHUDNOFF, M. Tropical timbers of the world. Forest Products Laboratory Madison, Wisconsin, ed. United States Department of Agriculture, 1984.
CORNELIUS, J.A.; HAMMONDS, T.W.; LEICESTER, J.B.; NDABAHWEJI, J.K.; ROSIE, D.A.; SHONE, G.G. New tropical seed oils. III - Component acids of Leguminosae and other seed oils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.21, p.49-50, 1970.
GENTRY, A.H. Field Guide to Woody Plants of Northwest South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), Conservation International, Washington DC, p.503-554, 1993.
GILBERT, B. Economic Plants of the Amazon: their industrial development in defense of the Forest. In: Chemistry of the Amazon, ed. by Seidl, P.R., Gottlieb, O.R. and Kaplan, M.A.C.; ACS Symposium Series 588, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p.19-33, 1995.
GONCALVES, J.F.C.; FERNANDES, A.V.; OLIVEIRA, A.F.M.; RODRIGUES, L.F.; MARENCO, R.A. Primary metabolism components of seeds from Brazilian Amazon tree species. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.14, no.2, p.139-142, 2002.
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GUNSTONE, F.D.; PADLEY, F.B. (eds.) Lipid Technology and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1997.
LAGO, R.C.A.; PEREIRA, D.A.; SIQUEIRA, F.A.R.; SZPIZ, R.R.; OLIVEIRA, J.P. Estudo preliminar das sementes e do óleo de cinco espécies da Amazônia. Acta Amazônica, vol.16/17, p.369-376, 1987.
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MATOS, F.A. Introdução a Fitoquímica Experimental, ed. UFC, Fortaleza, 1988.
MOREIRA, F.M.S; FRANCO, A.A. Goma extraída de vagens de Parkia nitida Miquel para inoculação e revestimento de sementes de Leguminosas. Turrialba (Oct-Dic), v.41, n.4, p.524-527, 1991.
POSSOLO, H. As Flacourtiáceas Antilepróticas. Ed. Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio de São Paulo, 1945.
SOUZA, L.A.G.; SILVA, M.F. Bioeconomical potential of Leguminosae from the Negro river, Amazon, Brazil. In: BUSSMANN, R.W. & LANGE, S. (Eds.) (Org.). Conservación de Biodiversidád en los Andes y la Amazonia. Inka (Alemanha), v.1, p.529-538, 2002.
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Author(s)

A. C. Siani
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
M. D. Behrens
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
M. R. R. Tappin
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
R. Favoreto
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
V. P. Silva
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
M. J. Nakamura
Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
A. P. Barbosa
Coordenação de Pesquisas de Produtos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CPPF/INPA Manaus, AM, Brazil
L. A. Sousa
Coordenação de Pesquisas de Produtos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CPPF/INPA Manaus, AM, Brazil

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A Chemical Survey of Central Amazonian Leguminosae Species. II. Composition of the Seed Oils. Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2006 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Nov. 22];1(03):58-64. Available from: https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/35

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] AKINTAYO, E.T. Characteristics and composition of Parkia biglobbossa and Jatropha curcas oils and cakes. Bioresource Technology, v.92, n.3, p.307-10, 2004.

[2] AXTELL, B.L.; FAIRMAN, R.M. (org.). Minor Oil Crops, Food Agricultural Services Bulletin N.º 94. ed. FAO, Rome, Organisation of the United Nations, 1992.

[3] AIYELAAGBE, O.O.; AJAIYEOBA, E.O.; EKUNDAYO, O. Studies on the seed oils of Parkia biblobosa and Parkia bicolour. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, v.49, 229-233, 1996.

[4] BARREIRO, J.A.; BRITO, P.O.; HEVIA, C.: OROZCO, P. M. Utilización de la semilla del Chigo (Campsiandra comosa Benth.) en la alimentación humana. I. Antecedentes, potencial nutricional y características de la planta y la semilla. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, v.34, n.3, p.523-530, 1984a.

[5] BARREIRO, J.A.; BRITO, P.O.; HEVIA, C.: OROZCO, P. M. Utilización de la semilla del Chigo (Campsiandra comosa Benth.) en la alimentación humana. II. Proceso de fabricación artesanal de chiga. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, v.34, n.3, p.531-542, 1984b.

[6] BELTRÃO, E.I.; MEDEIROS, P.L.; RODRIGUES, O.G.; FIGUEIREDO-SILVA, J.; VALENÇA, M.M.; COELHO, L.C.; CARVALHO Jr., L.BB.; Parkia pendula lectin as histochemistry marker for meningothelial tumour. European Journal of Histochemistry, vol.47, n.2., p.139-142, 2003.

[7] CHUDNOFF, M. Tropical timbers of the world. Forest Products Laboratory Madison, Wisconsin, ed. United States Department of Agriculture, 1984.

[8] CORNELIUS, J.A.; HAMMONDS, T.W.; LEICESTER, J.B.; NDABAHWEJI, J.K.; ROSIE, D.A.; SHONE, G.G. New tropical seed oils. III - Component acids of Leguminosae and other seed oils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.21, p.49-50, 1970.

[9] GENTRY, A.H. Field Guide to Woody Plants of Northwest South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), Conservation International, Washington DC, p.503-554, 1993.

[10] GILBERT, B. Economic Plants of the Amazon: their industrial development in defense of the Forest. In: Chemistry of the Amazon, ed. by Seidl, P.R., Gottlieb, O.R. and Kaplan, M.A.C.; ACS Symposium Series 588, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p.19-33, 1995.

[11] GONCALVES, J.F.C.; FERNANDES, A.V.; OLIVEIRA, A.F.M.; RODRIGUES, L.F.; MARENCO, R.A. Primary metabolism components of seeds from Brazilian Amazon tree species. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.14, no.2, p.139-142, 2002.

[12] GUNSTONE, F.D.; STEWARD, S.R.; CORNELIUS, J.A. HAMMONDS, T.W.; New tropical seed oils. IV - Component acids of Leguminosae and other seed oils including useful. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.3, p.49-60, 1972.

[13] GUNSTONE, F.D.; PADLEY, F.B. (eds.) Lipid Technology and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1997.

[14] LAGO, R.C.A.; PEREIRA, D.A.; SIQUEIRA, F.A.R.; SZPIZ, R.R.; OLIVEIRA, J.P. Estudo preliminar das sementes e do óleo de cinco espécies da Amazônia. Acta Amazônica, vol.16/17, p.369-376, 1987.

[15] LAWSON, H. Food Oils and Fats: Technology, Utilisation and Nutrition. Ed. Chapmann & Hall, Boca Raton, 1995.

[16] MATOS, F.A. Introdução a Fitoquímica Experimental, ed. UFC, Fortaleza, 1988.

[17] MOREIRA, F.M.S; FRANCO, A.A. Goma extraída de vagens de Parkia nitida Miquel para inoculação e revestimento de sementes de Leguminosas. Turrialba (Oct-Dic), v.41, n.4, p.524-527, 1991.

[18] POSSOLO, H. As Flacourtiáceas Antilepróticas. Ed. Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio de São Paulo, 1945.

[19] SOUZA, L.A.G.; SILVA, M.F. Bioeconomical potential of Leguminosae from the Negro river, Amazon, Brazil. In: BUSSMANN, R.W. & LANGE, S. (Eds.) (Org.). Conservación de Biodiversidád en los Andes y la Amazonia. Inka (Alemanha), v.1, p.529-538, 2002.

[20] SUDAM/IPT. Grupamento de espécies tropicais da Amazônia por similaridade de características básicas e por utilização. Belém, SUDAM, 1981.

[21] THE MERCK INDEX. 11th edition. Merck & CO., Inc., Rahway, 1989.

[22] VAN DEN BERG, M.E. Aproveitamento alternativo de essências florestais amazônicas. Congresso Nacional sobre Essências Nativas. 1. Campos do Jordão. In: Silvicultura em São Paulo, Instituto Florestal, Anais, 16(A), p.226-231, 1982.

[23] WILDMAN, R. E. C. (Ed.). Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001.