Extração Supercrítica: Aspectos Técnicos e Econômicos

M.A.A. Meireles

doi:10.32712/2446-4775.2006.42

Supercritical Extraction: Technical and Economical Issues

Vol. 2 No. 01 (2006)
65-72
15/10/2013
01/06/2006
https://doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2006.42

M.A.A. Meireles

Keywords

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Pressurized Carbon Dioxide

Compressed Carbon Dioxide

Process Design

Abstract

This work discusses some technical and economical issues related to supercritical extraction. The major steps in process development are discussed as applied to obtaining extracts from macela (Achyrocline alata and Achyrocline satureioides) and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllus). Process data such as temperature, pressure, and yield are presented for obtaining extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum), lemongrass (Cymbopogom citratus), bacuri (Platonia insignis), recovery of carotenoids from palm (Elaes guineensis) residue, Artemisia (Artemisia annua), ervabaleeira (Cordia verbenacea), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), anise (Pimpinella anisum), etc.

References

BRAGA, M.E.M., EHLERT, P.A.D., MING, L.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical fluid extraction from Lippia alba: global yields, kinetic data, and extract chemical composition. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.34, p.149-156, 2005.
BRAGA, M.E.M., LEAL, P.F., CARVALHO, J.E., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Comparison of Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts Obtained Using Various Techniques. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.51, p.6604-6611, 2003.
BRAVI, M., BUBBICO, R., MANNA, F., VERDONE, N. Process optimization in sunflower oil extraction by supercritical CO2. Chemical Engineering Science, v.57, p.2753-2764, 2002.
BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, v. 1-3, 2124p., 2003
CANELA, A.P.R.F., ROSA, P.T.V., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Spirulina maxima. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v.41, n.12, p.3012-3018, 2002.
CARVALHO JÃšNIOR, R.N., MOURA, L.S., ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis): kinetic data, extract’s global yield, composition, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.35, n.3, p.197-204, 2005.
FERREIRA, S.R.S., MEIRELES, M.A.A., CABRAL, F.A. Extraction of Essential Oil of Black Pepper with Liquid Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Food Engineering, v.20, p.121-133, 1993.
FERRUA, F.Q., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Cinética de Extração do Óleo Essencial de Capim-limão com Dióxido de Carbono Líquido. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, v. 14, n. Sup., p.93-100, 1994.
FRANÇA, L.F., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Modeling the Extraction of Carotene and Lipids from Pressed Palm Oil (Elaes guineensis) Fibers Using Supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.18, p.35-47, 2000.
FREUND, R.J.; LITTELL, R.C. SAS System for Regression. SAS Series in Statistical Applications, 2a ed.; Cary: SAS Institute, p. 211, 1995.
FUKUZATO, R. Current Status of Supercritical Fluid Technology in the East Asia. In BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.1-10, 2003.
LEAL, P.F., SATO, D.N, CHAVES, F.C., MING, L.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Antioxidant an Antimycobacterial activities of Basil (Ocimum gratissimum)
extracts obtained by SFE. In BRUNNER, KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.183-188, 2003.
LEAL, P.F. Obtenção de extratos vegetais com propriedades funcionais usando tecnologia supercrítica: uso de CO2 e CO2 + H2O. Campinas, 163p. Tese (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005.
McHUGH, M., KRUKONIS, V. Supercritical Fluid Extraction: principles and practice. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers, 1986.
MARTÍNEZ, J., MONTEIRO, A.R., MARQUES, M.O.M, MEIRELES, M.A.A Multicomponent Model To Describe Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v.42, p.1057-1063, 2003a.
MARTÍNEZ, J., ROSA, P.T.V., MING, L.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of Volatile Oil from Piper aduncum Leaves with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. In BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.65-70, 2003b.
MARTÍNEZ, J., ROSA, P.T.V., MENUT, C., LEYDET, A., PALLET, D., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Valorization of Brazilian Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) Oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.52, p.6578-6584, 2004.
MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Extraction from Solid: process design data (2001-2003). Current Opinion in Solid State and Material Science, v.7, n.4, p.321-330, 2003.
MONTEIRO, A.R., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J. Extraction of the Soluble Material from the Shells of the Bacuri Fruit (Platonia insignis Mart) with Pressurized CO2 and Other Solvents. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.11, n.1/2, p.91-102, 1997.
MORESCHI, S.R.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Hydrolysis of Ginger Bagasse Starch in Subcritical Water and Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.52, n. 6, p.1753-1758, 2004.
MOURA, L.S., CARVALHO JÃšNIOR, R.N., STEFANINI, M.B., MING, L.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical fluid extraction from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): global yield, composition and kinetic data. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.35, n.3, p.212-219, 2005.
MÃœLLER, C.M.O., MONTEIRO, A.R., RODRIGUES, V.M., VASCONCELLOS, V.R., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M. Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Eucalyptus citriodora with Carbon Dioxide. CPS The Chemistry Preprint Server, 2001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/preprintarchive.
PASQUEL, A., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J. Extraction of Stevia Glycosides with CO2 + Water, CO2 + Ethanol, and CO2 + Water + Ethanol. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, v.17, n. 3, p.271-282, 2000.
PEREIRA, C.G; MARQUES, M.O.M, SIANI, A.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical extraction of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis: an evaluation of the cosolvent on the extract compositions. In BRUNNER, KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.47-52, 2003.
PEREIRA, C.G., MARQUES, M.O.M., BARRETO, A.S., SIANI, A.C., FERNANDES, E.C., MEIRELES, M.A. Extraction of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis using supercritical CO2 + ethanol: an evaluation of the process variables and the raw material origin. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.30, p.51-61, 2004.
PEREIRA, C.G. Obtenção de extratos de leiteira de dois irmãos (Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC.), cidrão (Aloysia triphylla L’Herit. Britton) e manga (Mangifera indica L.) por extração supercrítica: estudo dos parâmetros de processo, caracterização e atividade antioxidante dos extratos. Campinas, 225p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005.
PERRUT, M. Supercritical Fluid Applications: Industrial Developments and Economic Issues. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research v.39, p.4531-4535, 2000.
PORTILLO, R. Extração do Óleo Essencial de Khoa (Satureja boliviana Benth Briq) por Diferentes Processos: Destilação por Arraste a Vapor, Solventes Orgânicos e Dióxido de Carbono Pressurizado. Campinas, 192p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1999.
POVH, N.P., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil and Oleoresin from Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert). Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.21, p.245-256, 2001.
QUISPE-CONDORI, S. Determinação de parâmetros de processo nas diferentes etapas do processo de extração supercrítica de produtos naturais: Artemisia annua, Cordia verbenacea, Ocimum selloi e Foeniculum vulgare. Campinas, 239p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de
Campinas, 2005.
QUISPE-CONDORI, S., SANCHEZ, D., FOGLIO, M.A., ROSA, P.T.V., ZETZL, C., BRUNNER, G., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Global yield isotherms and kinetic of artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.36, p.40-48, 2005.
RODRIGUES, V.M. Determinação da Solubilidade em Sistemas Pseudo-Ternários: Cravo-da-Índia (Eugenia caryophyllus) + CO2, Gengibre (Zingiber officinale) + CO2 e Erva Doce (Pimpinella anisum) + CO2. Campinas, 320p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2001.
RODRIGUES, V.M., ROSA, P.T.V., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil from Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) Using CO2: Solubility, kinetics, and Composition Data. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.51, p.1518-1523, 2003.
RODRIGUES, V.M., SOUSA, E.M.B.D., MONTEIRO, A.R., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Determination of the Solubility of Extracts from Vegetable Raw Material in Pressurized CO2: A Pseudo-Ternary Mixture Formed by Cellulosic Structure + Solute + Solvent. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.22, p.21-36, 2002.
ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Rapid estimation of manufacturing cost of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Food Engineering, v.67, p.235-240, 2005a.
ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical technology in Brazil: system investigated (1994 - 2003). Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.34, p.109-117, 2005b.
SOUSA, E.M.B.D., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., MORENO, M.T.S., SILVA, D.N., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Experimental Results for the Extraction of Essential Oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. using Pressurized CO2. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, v.19, n.2, p.229-241, 2002.
SOUSA, E.M.B.D., MARTÍNEZ, J., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., ROSA, P.T.V., DOMINGOS, T., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of volatile oil from Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoff with pressurised CO2: solubility, composition and kinetics. Journal of Food Engineering, v.69, p.325-333, 2005.
UHDE (Alemanha; http://www.uhde-co2.com/index.html). Comunicação pessoal, 2001.
ZANCAN, K.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.24, p.57-76, 2002.

PDF (Portuguese)

HTML (Portuguese)

Save bookmark

Author(s)

M.A.A. Meireles
LASEFI (LAboratório de Tecnologia Supercrítica: Extração, Fracionamento e Identificação de Extratos Vegetais) Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos - DEA/FEA Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083- 862, Campinas, SP

Metrics

Article viewed 1115 time(s)

How to Cite

Supercritical Extraction: Technical and Economical Issues. Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2006 Jun. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 22];2(01):65-72. Available from: https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/42

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] BRAGA, M.E.M., EHLERT, P.A.D., MING, L.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical fluid extraction from Lippia alba: global yields, kinetic data, and extract chemical composition. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.34, p.149-156, 2005.

[2] BRAGA, M.E.M., LEAL, P.F., CARVALHO, J.E., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Comparison of Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts Obtained Using Various Techniques. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.51, p.6604-6611, 2003.

[3] BRAVI, M., BUBBICO, R., MANNA, F., VERDONE, N. Process optimization in sunflower oil extraction by supercritical CO2. Chemical Engineering Science, v.57, p.2753-2764, 2002.

[4] BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, v. 1-3, 2124p., 2003

[5] CANELA, A.P.R.F., ROSA, P.T.V., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Spirulina maxima. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v.41, n.12, p.3012-3018, 2002.

[6] CARVALHO JÃšNIOR, R.N., MOURA, L.S., ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis): kinetic data, extract’s global yield, composition, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.35, n.3, p.197-204, 2005.

[7] FERREIRA, S.R.S., MEIRELES, M.A.A., CABRAL, F.A. Extraction of Essential Oil of Black Pepper with Liquid Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Food Engineering, v.20, p.121-133, 1993.

[8] FERRUA, F.Q., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Cinética de Extração do Óleo Essencial de Capim-limão com Dióxido de Carbono Líquido. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, v. 14, n. Sup., p.93-100, 1994.

[9] FRANÇA, L.F., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Modeling the Extraction of Carotene and Lipids from Pressed Palm Oil (Elaes guineensis) Fibers Using Supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.18, p.35-47, 2000.

[10] FREUND, R.J.; LITTELL, R.C. SAS System for Regression. SAS Series in Statistical Applications, 2a ed.; Cary: SAS Institute, p. 211, 1995.

[11] FUKUZATO, R. Current Status of Supercritical Fluid Technology in the East Asia. In BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.1-10, 2003.

[12] LEAL, P.F., SATO, D.N, CHAVES, F.C., MING, L.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Antioxidant an Antimycobacterial activities of Basil (Ocimum gratissimum)

[13] extracts obtained by SFE. In BRUNNER, KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.183-188, 2003.

[14] LEAL, P.F. Obtenção de extratos vegetais com propriedades funcionais usando tecnologia supercrítica: uso de CO2 e CO2 + H2O. Campinas, 163p. Tese (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005.

[15] McHUGH, M., KRUKONIS, V. Supercritical Fluid Extraction: principles and practice. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers, 1986.

[16] MARTÍNEZ, J., MONTEIRO, A.R., MARQUES, M.O.M, MEIRELES, M.A.A Multicomponent Model To Describe Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v.42, p.1057-1063, 2003a.

[17] MARTÍNEZ, J., ROSA, P.T.V., MING, L.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of Volatile Oil from Piper aduncum Leaves with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. In BRUNNER, G., KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.65-70, 2003b.

[18] MARTÍNEZ, J., ROSA, P.T.V., MENUT, C., LEYDET, A., PALLET, D., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Valorization of Brazilian Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) Oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.52, p.6578-6584, 2004.

[19] MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Extraction from Solid: process design data (2001-2003). Current Opinion in Solid State and Material Science, v.7, n.4, p.321-330, 2003.

[20] MONTEIRO, A.R., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J. Extraction of the Soluble Material from the Shells of the Bacuri Fruit (Platonia insignis Mart) with Pressurized CO2 and Other Solvents. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.11, n.1/2, p.91-102, 1997.

[21] MORESCHI, S.R.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Hydrolysis of Ginger Bagasse Starch in Subcritical Water and Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.52, n. 6, p.1753-1758, 2004.

[22] MOURA, L.S., CARVALHO JÃšNIOR, R.N., STEFANINI, M.B., MING, L.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical fluid extraction from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): global yield, composition and kinetic data. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.35, n.3, p.212-219, 2005.

[23] MÃœLLER, C.M.O., MONTEIRO, A.R., RODRIGUES, V.M., VASCONCELLOS, V.R., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M. Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Eucalyptus citriodora with Carbon Dioxide. CPS The Chemistry Preprint Server, 2001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/preprintarchive.

[24] PASQUEL, A., MEIRELES, M.A.A., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J. Extraction of Stevia Glycosides with CO2 + Water, CO2 + Ethanol, and CO2 + Water + Ethanol. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, v.17, n. 3, p.271-282, 2000.

[25] PEREIRA, C.G; MARQUES, M.O.M, SIANI, A.C., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical extraction of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis: an evaluation of the cosolvent on the extract compositions. In BRUNNER, KIKIC, M., PERRUT, M. (org.) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, ISASF: Nancy, França, p.47-52, 2003.

[26] PEREIRA, C.G., MARQUES, M.O.M., BARRETO, A.S., SIANI, A.C., FERNANDES, E.C., MEIRELES, M.A. Extraction of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis using supercritical CO2 + ethanol: an evaluation of the process variables and the raw material origin. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.30, p.51-61, 2004.

[27] PEREIRA, C.G. Obtenção de extratos de leiteira de dois irmãos (Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC.), cidrão (Aloysia triphylla L’Herit. Britton) e manga (Mangifera indica L.) por extração supercrítica: estudo dos parâmetros de processo, caracterização e atividade antioxidante dos extratos. Campinas, 225p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005.

[28] PERRUT, M. Supercritical Fluid Applications: Industrial Developments and Economic Issues. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research v.39, p.4531-4535, 2000.

[29] PORTILLO, R. Extração do Óleo Essencial de Khoa (Satureja boliviana Benth Briq) por Diferentes Processos: Destilação por Arraste a Vapor, Solventes Orgânicos e Dióxido de Carbono Pressurizado. Campinas, 192p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1999.

[30] POVH, N.P., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil and Oleoresin from Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert). Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.21, p.245-256, 2001.

[31] QUISPE-CONDORI, S. Determinação de parâmetros de processo nas diferentes etapas do processo de extração supercrítica de produtos naturais: Artemisia annua, Cordia verbenacea, Ocimum selloi e Foeniculum vulgare. Campinas, 239p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de

[32] Campinas, 2005.

[33] QUISPE-CONDORI, S., SANCHEZ, D., FOGLIO, M.A., ROSA, P.T.V., ZETZL, C., BRUNNER, G., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Global yield isotherms and kinetic of artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.36, p.40-48, 2005.

[34] RODRIGUES, V.M. Determinação da Solubilidade em Sistemas Pseudo-Ternários: Cravo-da-Índia (Eugenia caryophyllus) + CO2, Gengibre (Zingiber officinale) + CO2 e Erva Doce (Pimpinella anisum) + CO2. Campinas, 320p. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2001.

[35] RODRIGUES, V.M., ROSA, P.T.V., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil from Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) Using CO2: Solubility, kinetics, and Composition Data. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.51, p.1518-1523, 2003.

[36] RODRIGUES, V.M., SOUSA, E.M.B.D., MONTEIRO, A.R., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Determination of the Solubility of Extracts from Vegetable Raw Material in Pressurized CO2: A Pseudo-Ternary Mixture Formed by Cellulosic Structure + Solute + Solvent. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.22, p.21-36, 2002.

[37] ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Rapid estimation of manufacturing cost of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Food Engineering, v.67, p.235-240, 2005a.

[38] ROSA, P.T.V., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Supercritical technology in Brazil: system investigated (1994 - 2003). Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.34, p.109-117, 2005b.

[39] SOUSA, E.M.B.D., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., MORENO, M.T.S., SILVA, D.N., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Experimental Results for the Extraction of Essential Oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. using Pressurized CO2. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, v.19, n.2, p.229-241, 2002.

[40] SOUSA, E.M.B.D., MARTÍNEZ, J., CHIAVONE FILHO, O., ROSA, P.T.V., DOMINGOS, T., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of volatile oil from Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoff with pressurised CO2: solubility, composition and kinetics. Journal of Food Engineering, v.69, p.325-333, 2005.

[41] UHDE (Alemanha; http://www.uhde-co2.com/index.html). Comunicação pessoal, 2001.

[42] ZANCAN, K.C., MARQUES, M.O.M., PETENATE, A.J., MEIRELES, M.A.A. Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v.24, p.57-76, 2002.