Aspectos sobre Produtos Naturais na Descoberta de Novos Agentes Antitumorais e Antimutagênicos

Referências

1. AGNER, A.R.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; CÓLUS, I.M.S., Antigenotoxicity of trans--dehydrocrotonin, a clerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara. Planta Medica, v.67, n.9, p.815-819, 2001.
2. AGNER, A.R.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; PAMPLONA, S.G.S.R.; CÓLUS, I.M.S. Investigation of genotoxicity activity of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a clerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara. Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, v.19, n.6, p.377-384, 1999.
3. AGOSTA, W.C. Medicines and drugs from plants. Journal of Chemical Education, v.74, n.7, p.857-860, 1997.
4. ANAZETTI, M.C.; MELO, P.S.; DURÁN, N.; HAUN M. Comparative cytotoxicity of dimethylamidecrotonin in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicology, v.188, n.2-3, p.261-274, 2003.
5. ANAZETTI, M.C.; MELO, P.S.; DURÁN, N.; HAUN M. Dehydrocrotonin and its derivative, dimethylamide-crotonin induce apoptosiswith lipid peroxidation and activation of caspases-2, -6, and - 9 in human leukemic cells HL60. Toxicology, v.203, n.1-3, p.123-137, 2004.
6. ANDRADE, C.A.; CORREIA, M.T.; COELHO, L.C., NASCIMENTO, S.C.; SANTOS-MAGALHÃES, N.S. Antintumor activity of Cratylia mollis lectin encapsulated into liposomes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.278, n.2, p.435-445, 2004.
7. ARLISS, R.M.; BIERMANN, C.A. Do soy isoflavones lower cholesterol, inhibit atherosclerosis, and play a role in cancer prevention? Holistic Nursing Practice, v.17, n.1, p.40-48, 2002.
8. BALUNAS, M.J.; KINGHORN, A.D. Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sciences, v.78, n.5, p.431-441, 2005.
9. BARNES, S. Effect of genistein on in vitro and in vivo models of cancer. Journal of Nutrition, v.125, supl.3, p.777S-783S, 1995.
10. BARRAUD, L.; MERLE, P.; SOMA, E.; LEFRANÇOIS, L.;GUERRET, S.; CHEVALLIER, M.; DUBERNET, C.; COUVREUR, P.; TREPO, C.; VITVITSKI, L. Increase of doxorubicin sensitivity by doxorubicin-loading into nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Hepatology, v.42, n.5, p.736-743, 2001.
11. BELLOCCHIO, S.; GAZIANO, R.; BOZZA, S.; ROSSI, G.; MONTAGNOLI, C.; PERRUCCIO, K.; CALVITTI, M.; PITZURRA, L.; ROMANI, L. Liposomal amphotericin B activates antifungal resistance with reduced toxicity by diverting Toll-like receptor signalling from TLR-2 to TLR-4. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, v.55, n.2, p.214-222, 2005.
12. BERKLAND, C.; KING, M.; COX, A.; KIM, K.; PACK, D.W. Precise control of PLG microsphere size provides enhanced control of drug release rate. Journal of Controlled Release, v.82, n.1, p.137-147, 2002.
13. BORMAN, S. Total synthesis of anticancer agent taxol achieved by two different routes. Chemical & Engineering News, v.72, p.32-34, 1994.
14. BRADBURY, R. B.; WHITE, D. E. Chemistry of subterranean clover. I. Isolation of formononetin and genistein. Journal of Chemical Society, p.3447-3449, 1951.
15. BRANDI, M.L. Natural and synthetic isoflavones in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Calcified Tissue International, v.61, suppl.1, p.S5-S8, 1997.
16. BRIDGES, B.A. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. Report of ICPEMC Subcommittee 7/1. The possible involvement of somatic mutations in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis, v.89, n.2-3, p.255-261, 1991.
17. BRIDGES, B.A.; BOWYER, D.E.; HANSEN, E.S.; PENN, A.; WAKABAYASHI, K. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. The possible involvement of somatic mutations in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Report of ICPEMC Subcommittee 7/1. Conclusions and recommendations. Mutation Research, v.239, n.3, p.143-148, 1990.
18. BRIDGES, B.A. International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Topic No. 1. Are somatic mutations involved in atherosclerosis? Mutation Research, v.182, n.6, p.301-302, 1987.
19. BRUSICK, D. Principles of Genetic Toxicology. Nova Iorque: Plenum Press, 2.ed., p.13, 1987.
20. CALIXTO, J.B. Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America: a personal view. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.100, n.1-2, p.131-134, 2005.
21. CARVALHO, J.C.T.; SILVA, M.F.C.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; NUNES, D.S.; LIMA, R.M.; BASTOS, J.K.; SARTI, S.J. Investigation of antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of transdehydrocrotonin, a 19-nor-clerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara. Part 1. Planta Medica, v.62, n.5, p.402-404, 1996.
22. CASTRILLO, A.; DE LAS HERAS, B.; HORTELANO, S.; RODRÍGUEZ, B.; VILLAR, A.; BOSCÁ, L. Inhibition of the nuclear factor êB (NF-êB) pathway by tetracyclic kaurene diterpenes in macrophages. Specific effects on NF-êB-inducing kinase activity and on the coordinate activation of ERK and p38 MAPK. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.276, n.19, p.15854-15860, 2001.
23. CASTRO, A.; DEL CORRAL, J.M.M.; GORDALIZA, M.; GRANDE, C.; GÓMEZ-ZURITA, A.; GARCÍA-GRÁVALOS, D.; FELICIANO, A.S.; Synthesis and cytotoxicity of podophyllotoxin analogues modified in the A ring. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, v.38, n.1, p.65-74, 2003.
24. CECHINEL FILHO, V.; YUNES, R.A. Strategies for obtaining pharmacologically active compounds from medicinal plants. Concepts about structural modification for improvement of activity. Quimica Nova, v.21, n.1, p.99-105, 1998.
25. CHANG, A.Y.; KIM, K.; GLICK, J.; ANDERSON, T.; KARP, D.; JOHNSON, D. Phase II study of taxol, merbarone, and piroxantrone in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Results, Journal of National Cancer Institute, v.85, n.5, p.388-394, 1993.
26. CHAVES, M.H.; ROQUE, N.F.; AYRES, M.C.C. Steroids and flavonoids of Porcelia macrocarpa. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, v.15, n.4, p.608-613, 2004.
27. CHEESEMAN, K.H.; SLATER, T.F. An introduction to free radical biochemistry. British Medical Bulletin, v.49, n.3, p.481-493, 1993.
28. CONKLIN, K.A. Dietary antioxidants during cancer chemotherapy: impact on chemotherapeutic effectiveness and development of side effects. Nutrition and Cancer, v.37, n.1, p.1-18, 2000.
29. CORTESI, R.; ESPOSITO, E.; MAIETTI, A.; MENEGATTI, E.; NASTRUZZI, C. Formulation study for the antitumor drug camptothecin: liposomes, micellar solutions and a microemulsion. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.159, n.1, p.95-103, 1997.
30. COSTA, M.P.; OLIVEIRA, A.L.M.; PAIXÃO, A.D.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; SANTOS-MAGALHÃES, N.S. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of DCTN-loaded microspheres. XXXV Reunião Anual da SBBq, Águas de Lindóia, SP, 2006.
31. CRAGG, G. M.; NEWMAN, D.J. Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.100, n.1-2, p.72-79, 2005.
32. DE VITA, J.E.; HELLMAN, S.; ROSENBERG, S.A. Cancer, Principles & Practice of Oncology. Filadelfia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 5.ed., v.1, 1997.
33. DIMAS, K.; DEMETZOS, C.; VAOS, V.; IOANNIDIS, P.; TRANGAS, T. Labdane type diterpenes down-regulate the expression of c-myc protein, but not of bcl-2, in human leukemia T-cells undergoing apoptosis. Leukemia Research, v.25, n.6, p.449-454, 2001.
34. DIXON, R.A.; FERREIRA, D. Genistein. Phytochemistry, v.60, n.3, p.205-211, 2002.
35. ELISABETSKY, E.; WANNMACHER, L. The status of ethnopharmacology in Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.38, n.2-3, p.137-143, 1993.
36. ESPINOSA-AGUIRRE, J.J.; REYES, R.E.; RUBIO, J.; OSTROSKY-WEGMAN, P.; MARTINEZ, G. Mutagenic activity of urban air samples and its modulation by chili extracts. Mutation Research, v.303, n.2, p.55-61, 1993.
37. FARNSWORTH, N.R.; MORRIS, R.W. Higher plants - the sleeping giant of drug development. American Journal of Pharmacy, v.148, n.2, p.46-52, 1976.
38. FENG, S.S.; RUAN, G.; LI, Q.T. Fabrication and characterization of a novel drug delivery device liposomes-in-microspheres (LIM). Biomaterials, v.25, n.21, p.5181-5189, 2004.
39. FREIRE A.C.G.; SILVA M.P.; AOYAMA H.; HAUN M.; DURAN N.; FERREIRA C.V. Cytotoxic effect of the diterpene lactone dehydrocrotonin from Croton cajucara on human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Planta Medica, v.69, n.1, p.67-69, 2003.
40. GIRI, A.K.; MUKHOPADHYAY, A.; SUN, J.; HSIE, A.W.; RAY, S. Antimutagenic effects of centchromana contraceptive and a candidate drug for breast cancer in multiple mutational assays. Mutagenesis, v.14, n.6, p.613-619, 1999.
41. GRYNBERG, N.F.; ECHEVARRIA, A.; LIMA, J.E.; PAMPLONA, S.G.S.R.; PINTO, A.C.; MACIEL, M.A.M. Anti-tumour activity of two 19-nor-clerodane diterpenes, trans-dehydrocrotonin and trans-crotonin, from Croton cajucara. Planta Medica, v.65, n.8, p.687-689, 1999.
42. GUPTE, A.; CIFTCI, K. Formulation and characterization of Paclitaxel, 5-FU and Paclitaxel + 5-FU microspheres. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.276, n.1-2, p.93-106, 2004.
43. HAMMONS, G.J.; FLETCHER, J.V.; STEPPS, K.R.; SMITH, E.A.; BALENTINE, D.A.; HARBOWY, M.E.; KADLUBAR, F.F. Effects of chemoprotective agents on the metabolic activation of the carcinogenic arylamines PhIP and 4-aminobiphenyl in human and
44. rat liver microsomes. Nutrition and Cancer, v.33, n.1, p.46-52, 1999.
45. HANSEN, E.S. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper 7/1/2. Shared risk factors for cancer and atherosclerosis - a review of the epidemiological evidence. Mutation Research, v.239, n.3, p.163-179, 1990.
46. HARAGUCHI, H.; ISHIKAWA, H.; KUBO, I. Antioxidative action of diterpenoids from Podocarpus nagi. Planta Medica, v.63, n.3, p.213-215, 1997.
47. HARBONE, J.B. (ed). The Flavonoids, Advances in Research Since 1986. London: Chapman and Hall, 1994.
48. HAVSTEEN, B. Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochemical Pharmacology, v.32, n.7, p.1141-1148, 1983.
49. HE, L.; WANG, G.I.; ZHANG, Q. An alternative paclitaxel microemulsion formulation: hypersensitivity evaluation and pharmacokinetic profile. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.250, n.1, p.45-50, 2003.
50. HERNAEZ, J.F.; XU, M.; DASHWOOD, R.H. Antimutagenic activity of tea towards 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline: effect of tea concentration and brew time on electrophile scavenging. Mutation Research, v.402, n.1-2, p.299-306, 1998.
51. HITT, E. Homoharringtonine effective in CML patients. Lancet Oncology, v.3, n.5, p.259, 2002.
52. HOLMES, F.A.; WALTERS, R.S.; THERIAULT, R.L.; FORMAN, A.D.; NEWTON, L.K.; RABER, M.N.; BUZDAR, A.U.; FRYE, D.K.; HORTOBAGYI, G.N. Phase II trial of taxol, an active drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, v.83, n.24, p.1797-1805, 1991.
53. HONGJIE, Z.; TAKEDA, Y.; MATSUMOTO, T.; MINAMI, Y.; YOSHIDA, K.; WEI, X.; QING, M.; HANDONG, S. Taxol Related Diterpenes from the Roots of Taxus yunnanensis. Heterocycles, v.38, n.5, p.975-980, 1994.
54. HORIGUCHI, T.; ORITANI, T.; KIYOTA, H. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-(m-substitutedbenzoyl)baccatin III analogs from taxinine. Tetrahedron, v.59, n.9, p.1529-1538, 2003a.
55. HORIGUCHI, T.; RITHNER, C.D.; CROTEAU, R.; WILLIAMS, R.M. Studies on taxol biosynthesis. Preparation of 5á -acetoxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-2á ,10â-diol derivatives by deoxygenation of a taxadiene tetra-acetate obtained from Japanese yew. Tetrahedron, v.59, n.2, p.267-273, 2003b.
56. HUNG, C.H.; YEN, G.C. Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Mesona procumbens Hemsl. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.50, n.10, p.2993-2997, 2002.
57. JABS, T. Reactive oxygen intermediates as mediators of programmed cell death in plants and animals. Biochemical Pharmacology, v.57, n.3, p.231-245, 1999.
58. JACOB, J. The influence of variations in species and strains of experimental animals on drug responses. In: TEDESCHI, D.H.; TEDESCHI, R.E. (eds.). Importance of fundamental principles in drug evaluation. Nova Iorque: Raven Press, 1968.
59. JEONG, Y.; SEO, S.; PARK, I.; LEE, H.; KANG, I.; AKAIKE, T.; CHO, C. Cellular recognition of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles composed of poly(ã-benzyl L-glutamate) and poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer end-capped with galactose moiety. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.296, n.1-2, p.151-161, 2005.
60. JIN, Y.; LI, J.; RONG, L.F.; LI, Y.H.; GUO, L.; XU, S.Y. Anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes in vivo and in vitro. World Journal of Gastroenterology, v.11, n.17, p.2643-2646, 2005.
61. KANG, B.K.; CHON, S.K.; KIM, S.H.; JEONG, S.Y.; KIM, M.S.; CHO, S.H.; LEE, H.B.; KHANG, G. Controlled release of paclitaxel from microemulsion containing PLGA and evaluation of anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.286, n.1-2, p.147-156, 2004.
62. KATO, M.J. Global phytochemistry: the Brazilian approach. Phytochemistry, v.57, n.5 p.621-623, 2001.
63. KELLER, L.; DUMAS, F.; D´ANGELO, J. Enantioselective synthesis of the ester side chain of homoharringtonine. Tereahedron Letters, v.42, n.10, p.1911-1913, 2001.
64. KIM, B.Y.; JEONG, J.H.; PARK, K.; KIM, J.D. Bioadhesive interaction and hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded lectin-microparticle conjugates in oral insulin delivery system. Journal of Controlled Release, v.102, n.3, p.525-538, 2005.
65. KINGHORN, A.D.; SEO, E.K. Cultivating the pharmacopoeia. CHEMTHEC, v.26, n.7, p.46-54, 1996.
66. KINGSTON, D.G.I. The chemistry of taxol. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, v.52, n.1, p.1-34, 1991.
67. KRIS, M.G.; O´CONNELL, J.P.; GRALLA, R.J.; WERTHEIM, M.S.; PARENTE, R.M.; SCHIFF, P.B.; YOUNG, C.W. Phase I trial of taxol given as a 3-hour infusion every 21 days. Cancer Treatment Reports, v.70, n.5, p.605-607, 1986.
68. KUDOH, S.; NAKAMURA, S.; NAKANO, T.; KOMUTA, K.; ISOBE, T.; KATAKAMI, N.; FUKUDA, Y.; TAKADA, Y.; TAKADA, M.; FUKUOKA, M.; ARIYOSHI, Y. Irinotecan and etoposide for previously untreated extensivedisease small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group. Lung Cancer, v.49, n.2, p.263-269, 2005.
69. LAEKEMAN, G.M.; CLAEYS, M.; RWANGABO, P.C.; HERMAN, A.G.; VLIETINCK, A.J. Cardiovascular effects of 3-methylquercetin. Planta Medica, n.6, p.433-437, 1986.
70. LAHIRI, M.; MARU, G.B.; BHIDE, S.V. Effect of plant phenols, â-carotene and á -tocopherol on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in the mouse forestomach mucosa (target organ) and bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (non-target organ). Mutation Research, v.303, n.2, p.97-100, 1993.
71. LE-RAY, A.M.; GAUTIER, H.; LATY, M.K.; DACULSI, G.; MERLE, C.; JACQUELINE, C.; HAMEL, A.; CAILLON, J. In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activities of vancomycin dispersed in porous biodegradable poly(Ã¥-caprolactone) microparticles. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, v.49, n.7, p.3025-3027, 2005.
72. LEE, J.H.; KOO, T.H.; HWANG, B.Y.; LEE, J.J. Kaurane diterpene, kamebakaurin, inhibits NF-êB by directly targeting the DNA-binding activity of p50 and blocks the expression of antiapoptotic NF-êB target genes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.277, n.21, p.18411-18420, 2002.
73. LOHMAN, P.H.M. International Commission for the Protection of the Environment against Mutagens and Carcinogens: A historical perspective. Mutatation Research, v.511, n.1, p.63-71, 2002.
74. LUNA-COSTA, A.M.; SILVA, J.C.R.; CAMPOS, A.R.; RAO, V.S.N.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C. Antiestrogenic effect of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a norclerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara. Phytotherapy Research, v.13, n.8, p.689-691, 1999.
75. MA, W.; PARK, G.L.; GOMEZ, G.A.; NIEDER, M.H.; ADAMS, T.L.; AYNSLEY, J.S.; SAHAI, O.P.; SMITH, R.J.; STAHLHUT, R.W.; HYLANDS, P.J.; BITSCH, F.; SHACKLETON, C. New bioactive taxoids from cell cultures of Taxus baccata, Journal of Natural Products,
76. v.57, n.1, p.116-122, 1994.
77. MACIEL, M.A.M., DANTAS, T.N.C., CÂMARA, J.K.P., PINTO, A.C., VEIGA JR., V.F., KAISER, C.R., PEREIRA, N.A., CARNEIRO, C.M.T.S.,
78. VANDERLINDE, F.A., LAPA A.J., AGNER, A.R., CÓLLUS, I.M.S., ECHEVARRIA-LIMA, J., GRYNBERG, N.F., ESTEVES-SOUZA, A., PISSINATE, K., ECHEVARRIA A. Pharmacological and biochemical profiling of lead compounds from traditional remedies: the case of Croton cajucara. In: Advances in Phytomedicine (Lead molecules from natural products, Discovery and New Trends), Eds. Khan, M.T.H.; Ather, A., v.2, chapter 14, p.229-257, 2006a.
79. MACIEL, M.A.M.; CORTEZ, J.K.P.C.; GOMES, F.E.S. O gênero Croton e aspectos relevantes de diterpenos clerodanos. Fitos, v.2, p.54-73, 2006b.
80. MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; KAISER, C.R. NMR and structure review of some natural fluroclerodanes. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, v.41, n.4, p.278-282, 2003.
81. MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; VEIGA JR., V.F.; ECHEVARRIA, A.; GRYNBERG, N.F. Plantas medicinais: a necessidade de estudos multidisciplinares. Quimica Nova, v.25, n.3, p.429-438, 2002.
82. MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; ARRUDA, A.C.; PAMPLONA, S.G.S.R.; VANDERLINE, F.A.; LAPA, A.J.; ECHEVARRIA, A.; GRYNBERG, N.F.; CÔLUS, I.M.S.; FARIAS, R.A.F.; LUNA COSTA, A.M.; RAO, V.S.N. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology: a successful combination in the study of Croton cajucara. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.70, n.1, p.41-55, 2000.
83. MACIEL, M.A.M. Croton cajucara: uma escolha etnobotânica. Tese de Doutorado em Química: IQ, UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brasil, 1997.
84. MAILLARD, S.; AMELLER, T.; GAUDUCHON, J.; GOUGELET, A.; GOUILLEUX, F.; LEGRAND, P.; MARSAUD, V.; FATTAL, E.; SOLA, B.; RENOIR,
85. J.M. Innovative drug delivery nanosystems improve the anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo of antiestrogens in human breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.94, n.1-3, p.111-121, 2005.
86. MELO, P.S.; JUSTO, G.Z.; DURÁN, N.; HAUN, M. Natural killer cell activity and anti-tumor effects of dehydrocrotonin and its synthetic derivatives. European Journal of Pharmacology, v.487, n.1-3, p.47-54, 2004.
87. MIDDLETON JR., E.; KANDASWAMI, C. Effects of flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell functions. Biochemical Pharmacology, v.43, n.6, p.1167-1179, 1992.
88. MIDDLETON JR., E.; KANDASWAMI, C.; THEOHARIDES, T.C. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacological Reviews, v.52, n.4, p.673-751, 2000.
89. MILLER III, M.C.; JOHNSON, K.R.; WILLINGHAM, M.C.; FAN, W. Apoptotic cell death induced by baccatin III, a precursor of paclitaxel, may occur without G2/M arrest. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, v.44, n.6, p.444-452, 1999.
90. MILLER, D.S.; BLESSING, J.A.; SCHILDER, J.; MUNKARAH, A.; LEE, Y.C. Phase II evaluation of topotecan in carcinosarcoma of the uterus: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecologic Oncology, v.98, n.2, p.217-221, 2005.
91. MITCHELMORE, C.L.; CHIPMAN, J.K. DNA strand breakage in aquatic organisms and the potential value of the comet assay in environmental monitoring. Mutation Research, v.399, n.2, p.135-147, 1998.
92. MITSCHER, L.A.; TELIKEPALLI, H.; MCGHEE, E.; SHANKEL, D.M. Natural antimutagenic agents. Mutation Research, v.350, n.1, p.143-152, 1996.
93. MIYAZAWA, M.; SAKANO, K.; NAKAMURA, S.; KOSAKA, H. Antimutagenic Activity of Isoflavones from Soybean Seeds (Glycine max Merrill). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.47, n.4, p.1346- 1349, 1999.
94. MOURÃO, S.C.; COSTA, P.I.; SALGADO, H.R.; GREMIÃO, M.P. Improvement of antischistosomal activity of praziquantel by incorporation into phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.295, n.1, p.157-162, 2005.
95. MUKUNDAN, M.A.; CHACKO, M.C.; ANNAPURNA, V.V.; KRISHNASWAMY, K. Effect of turmeric and curcumin on BP-DNA adducts. Carcinogenesis, v.14, n.3, p.493-496, 1993.
96. MURPHY, W.K.; FOSSELLA, F.V.; WINN, R.J.; SHIN, D.M.; HYNES, H.E.; GROSS, H.M.; DAVILLA, E.; LEIMERT, J.; DHINGRA, H.; RABER, M.N.; KRAKOFF, I.H.; HONG, W.K. Phase II study of taxol in patients with untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, Journal of National Cancer Institute, v.85, n.5, p.384-388, 1993.
97. MUZITANO, M.F.; COSTA, S.S. Produtos Naturais e a Apoptose: Um Enfoque Promissor para a Descoberta de Novos Fármacos. Fitos, v.2, n.2, p.46-53, 2006.
98. NADEEM, M.; RIKHARI, H.C.; KUMAR, A.; PALNI, L.M.S.; NANDI, S.K. Taxol content in the bark of Himalayan yew in relation to tree age and sex. Phytochemistry, v.60, n.6, p.627-631, 2002.
99. NAKAGAWA, H.; YAMAMOTO, D.; KIYOZUKA, Y.; TSUTA, K.; UEMURA, Y.; HIOKI, K.; TSUTSUI, Y.; TSUBURA, A. Effects of genistein and synergistic action in combination with eicosapentaenoic acid on the growth of breast cancer cell lines. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, v.126, n.8, p.448-454, 2000.
100. OHSUGI, M.; FAN, W.; HASE, K.; XIONG, Q.; TEZUKA, Y.; KOMATSU, K.; NAMBA, T.; SAITOH, T.; TAZAWA, K.; KADOTA, S. Active-oxygen scavenging activity of traditional nourishing-tonic herbal medicines and active constituents of Rhodiola sacra. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.67, n.1, p.111-119, 1999.
101. PENN, A. ICPEMC working paper 7/1/1: mutational events in the etiology of arteriosclerotic plaques. Mutation Research, v.239, n.3, p.149-162, 1990.
102. PINTO, A.C.; REZENDE, C.M.; GARCEZ, F.R.; EPIFANIO, R.A. An overview of the Brazilian natural product community. Quimica Nova, v.26, n.6, p.966-971, 2003.
103. PINTO, A.C.; SILVA, D.H.S.; BOLZANI, V.S.; LOPES, N.P.; EPIFANIO, R.A. Current status, challenges and trends on natural products in Brazil. Quimica Nova, v.25, supl.1, p.45-61, 2002.
104. POLKOWSKI, K.; MAZUREK, A.P. Biological properties of genistein: A review of in vitro and in vivo data. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, v.57, n.2, p.135-155, 2000.
105. POTIER, P. Search and discovery of new antitumor compounds. Chemical Society Reviews, v.21, n.2, p.113-119, 1992.
106. PUPO, M.T.; ADORNO, M.A.T.; VIEIRA, P.C.; FERNANDES, J.B.; SILVA, M.F.G.F.; PIRANI, J.R. Terpenoids and steroids from Trichilia species. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, v.13, n.3, p.382-388, 2002.
107. QUOIX, E.; BRETON, J.; GERVAIS, R.; WILSON, J.; SCHRAMEL, F.; CARDENAL, F.; ROSS, G.; PRESTON, A.; LYMBOURA, M.; MATTSON, K. A randomised phase II study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous topotecan in combination with either cisplatin or etoposide in patients with untreated extensive disease small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer, v.49, n.2, p.253-261, 2005.
108. RANG, H.P.; DALE, M.M.; RITTER, J.M. Farmacologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 4.ed., 2001.
109. RATNER, B.D. Reducing capsular thickness and enhancing angiogenesis around implant drug release systems. Journal of Controlled Release, v.78, n.1-3, p.211-218, 2002.
110. RAVI-KUMAR, M.N.V. Nano and microparticles as controlled drug delivery devices. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences. v.3, n.2, p.234-258, 2000.
111. REDDY, L.H.; SHARMA, R.K.; CHUTTANI, K.; MISHRA, A.K.; MURTHY, R.S.R. Influence of administration route on tumor uptake and biodistribution of etoposide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in Dalton’s lymphoma tumor bearing mice. Journal of Controlled Release, v.105, n.3, p.185-198, 2005.
112. REDDY, L.; ODHAV, B.; BHOOLA, K.D. Natural products for cancer prevention: A global perspective. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, v.99, n.1, p.1-13, 2003.
113. RIBEIRO-COSTA, R.M.; ALVES, A.J.; SANTOS, N.P.; NASCIMENTO, S.C.; GONÇALVES, E.C.P.; SILVA, N.H.; HONDA, N.K.; SANTOSMAGALHÃES,
114. N.S. In vitro and in vivo properties of usnic acid encapsulated into PLGA-microspheres. Journal of Microencapsulation, v.21, n.4, p.371-384, 2004.
115. RICE-EVANS, C.A.; MILLER, N.J.; BOLWELL, P.G.; BRAMLEY, P.M.; PRIDHAM, J.B. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Research, v.22, n.4, p.375-383, 1995.
116. RODRÍGUEZ, J.A.; HIRUMA-LIMA, C.A.; SOUZA BRITO, A.R.M. Antiulcer activity and subacute toxicity of trans-dehydrocrotonin from Croton cajucara. Human and Experimental Toxicology, v.23, n.9, p.455-461, 2004.
117. SAITO, K.; KOIKE, Y.; SUZUKI, H.; MURAKOSHI, I. Biogenetic implication of lupine alkaloid biosynthesis in bitter and sweet forms of Lupinus luteus and L. albus. Phytochemistry, v.34, n.4, p.1041-1044, 1993.
118. SANTOS, F.V.; MESQUITA, S.F.P.; FARIA, M.J.S.S.; POERSH, A.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; MORIMOTO, H.K.; CÓLUS, I.M.S. Absence of mutagenicity in somatic and germ cells of mice submitted to subchronic treatment with an extract of Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiacae). Genetic and Molecular Biology, v.29, n.1, p.159-165, 2006.
119. SETCHELL, K.D.R.; CASSIDY, A. Dietary isoflavones: Biological effects and relevance to human health. Journal of Nutrution, v.129, n.3, p.758S-767S, 1999.
120. SHAMON, L.A.; PEZZUTO, J.M. Plant antimutagens: Review and strategy for the identification of therapeutically useful agents. In: Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. Nova Iorque: Academic Press, p.235, 1994.
121. SHUGART, L.R. Environmental genotoxicology. In: RAND, G.M. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: Effects, environmental fate and risk assessment. Washington: Taylor & Francis, 2.ed., p.405, 1995.
122. SILVA, R.M.; OLIVEIRA, F.M.; CUNHA, K.M.A; MAIA, J.L.; MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; NASCIMENTO, N.R.F.; SANTOS, F.A.; RAO, V.S.N. Cardiovascular effects of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a diterpene from Croton cajucara in rats. Vascular Pharmacology, v.43, n.1, p.11-18, 2005.
123. SLUPPHAUG, G.; KAVLI, B.; KROKAN, H.E. The interacting pathways for prevention and repair of oxidative DNA damage. Mutation Research, v.531, n.1-2, p.231-251, 2003.
124. SOARES, M.P. Would sacaca, Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) be an hepatotoxic plant like Germander, Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Labiatae)? Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v.37, n.2, p.96-97, 2004.
125. SOLOMON, P.R.; ADAMS, F.; SILVER, A.; ZIMMER, J.; DEVEAUX, R. Ginkgo for memory enhancement: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, v.288, n.7, p.835-840, 2002.
126. SOUZA-BRITO, A.R.; SOUZA-BRITO, A.A. Forty years of Brazilian medicinal plant research. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.39, n.1, p.53-67, 1993.
127. SOUZA-BRITO, A.R.M.; RODRÍGUEZ, J.A.; HIRUMA-LIMA, C.A.; HAUN, M.; NUNES, D.C. Antiulcerogenic activity of trans-dehydrocrotonin from Croton cajucara. Planta Medica, v.64, n.2, p.126-129, 1998.
128. SUFFNESS, M. Taxol: from discovery to therapeutic use. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, v.28, p.305-314, 1993.
129. TANAKA, T.; KAWAMORI, T.; OHNISHI, M.; OKAMOTO, K.; MORI, H.; HARA, A. Chemoprevention of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxideinduced
130. oral carcinogenesis by dietary protocatechuic acid during initiation and postinitiation phases. Cancer Research, v.54, n.9,
131. p.2359-2365, 1994.
132. TEIXEIRA, M.; ALONSO, M.J.; PINTO, M.M.M. ; BARBOSA, C.M. Development and characterization of PLGA nanospheres and nanocapsules containing xanthone and 3-methoxyxanthone. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v.59, n.3, p.491-500, 2005.
133. VAGELOS, P.R. Are prescription drug prices high? Science, v.252, n.5010, p.1080-1084, 1991.
134. VAN-GOETHEM, F.; LISON, D.; KIRSCHVOLDERS, M. Comparative evaluation of the in vitro micronucleus test and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay for the detection of DNA damaging agents: genotoxic effects of cobalt powder, tungsten carbide and cobalt-tungsten carbide. Mutation Research, v.392, n.1-2, p.31-43, 1997.
135. VEIGA Jr., V.F.; PINTO, A.C.; MACIEL, M.A.M. Plantas Medicinais: Cura segura? Química Nova, v.28, n.3, p.519-528. 2005.
136. VENKATRAMAN, S.S.; JIE, P.; MIN, F.; FREDDY, B.Y.C.; LEONG-HUAT, G. Micelle-like nanoparticles of PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymer as chemotherapeutic carrier. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.298, n.1, p.219-232, 2005.
137. VERHAGEN, H.; ARUOMA, O.I.; VAN DELFT, J.H.M.; DRAGSTED, L.O.; FERGUSON, L.R.; KNASMÃœLLER, S.; POOL-ZOBEL, B.L.; POULSEN,
138. H.E.; WILLIAMSON, G.; YANNAI, S. The 10 basic requirements for a scientific paper reporting antioxidant, antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic potential of test substances in in vitro experiments and animal studies in vivo. Food and Chemical Toxicology, v.41, n.5, p.603-610, 2003.
139. VIEGAS JR., C.; BOLZANI, V.S.; BARREIRO, E.J. Natural products and modern medicinal chemistry. Química Nova, v.29, n.2, p.326-337, 2006.
140. VISANI, G.; RUSSO, D.; OTTAVIANI, E.; TOSI, P.; DAMIANI, D.; MICHELUTTI, A.; MANFROI, S.; BACCARANI, M.; TURA, S. Effects of
141. homoharringtonine alone and in combination with alpha interferon and cytosine arabinoside on “in vitro†growth and induction of apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia and normal hematopoietic progenitors. Leukemia, v.11, n.5, p.624-628, 1997.
142. VITAGLIONE, P.; FOGLIANO, V. Use of antioxidants to minimize the human health risk associated to mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in food. Journal of Chromatography B, v.802, n.1, p.189-199, 2004.
143. VORONKOV, M.V.; GONTCHAROV, A.V.; WANG, Z.M. Improved large-scale synthesis of phenylisoserine and the taxol C-13 side chain.
144. Tetrahedron Letters, v.44, n.2, p.407-409, 2003.
145. WAKABAYASHI, K. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper 7/1/3. Animal studies suggesting involvement of mutagen/carcinogen exposure in atherosclerosis. Mutation Research, v.239, n.3, p.181-187, 1990.
146. WALTON, N.J.; MAYER, M.J.; NARBAD, A. Vanillin. Phytochemistry, v.63, n.5, p.505-515, 2003. WHO Traditional Medicines Strategy 2002-2005, Genebra, 2002.
147. YANG, S.S.; CRAGG, G.M.; NEWMAN, D.J.; BADER, J.P. Natural Product-Based Anti-HIV Drug Discovery and Development Facilitated by the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program. Journal of Natural Products, v.64, n.2, p.265-277, 2001.
148. ZENG, H.H.; TU, P.F.; ZHOU, K.; WANG, H.; WANG, B.H.; LU, J.F. Antioxidant properties of phenolic diterpenes from Rosmarinus officinalis. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, v.22, n.12, p.1094-1098, 2001.
149. ZIOTOPOULOS, P.; ANDROULAKIS, N.; MYLONAKI, E.; CHANDRINOS, V.; ZACHARIADIS, E.; BOUKOVINAS, I.; AGELIDOU, A.; KENTEPOZIDIS, N.; IGNATIADIS, M.; VOSSOS, A.; GEORGOULIAS, V. Front-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with irinotecan and
150. docetaxel: a multicentre phase II study. Lung Cancer, v.50, n.1, p.115-122, 2005. chemotherapeutic carrier. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v.298, n.1, p.219-232, 2005.