Chemical composition and sun protection factor of essential oils from the leaves of Ocimum species

Nathalie Barbosa Cavalcante
OrcID
Raul Cremonezi Piva
OrcID
Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
OrcID
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
OrcID

    Nathalie Barbosa Cavalcante

    Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Industrial Chemistry Course, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.

    OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-5492

    Graduated in Industrial Chemistry from the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) in 2019. During the graduation period, I performed a project in the Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships (PIBIC) with the project entitled "Evaluation of the fungus potential of origin marine in secondary metabolite biotransformation reaction". As a Junior Laboratory Analyst, I performed different types of physical-chemical analysis. In the Chromatography laboratory, I performed analyzes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPA) and Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) using the analytical technique of Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography (Using the equipment: Varian 3900 and Generation 8000), BTEX analysis by headspace method and of HPA by the liquid-liquid extraction method. I performed metal analysis using the analytical technique of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with flame atomization (Knowledge with Varian SPECTRAA-200 and PerkinElmer equipment) and UV-vis Spectroscopy (HACH DR3900). In both analytical techniques I was responsible for quality control by performing analytical curves, limits of quantification and determination, preparation of standards, in addition to experience in the software of the equipment mentioned above. I also have knowledge in analysis of pH, Nitrate, Nitrite, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen and Total Nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method, Chlorophyll and microbiology analysis (Escherichia coli, Thermotolerant Coliforms, Pseudomonas, among others). Working within the chemical analysis of effluent, well water, surface water and groundwater, I have basic knowledge of the parameters established by the Environmental Legislation regarding the analyzes that I worked within the company Sanágua.

    Raul Cremonezi Piva

    Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Department of Chemistry, Rodovia Ithaum, km 12, University City, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.

    OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-595X

    Bachelor in Industrial Chemistry from the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) in 2017 and Master in Chemistry from the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) in 2020. Worked in academic research for 5 years. Currently packaging researcher at JBS/Seara.

    Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro

    Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Industrial Chemistry Course, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.

    OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8127-1990

    Student of Industrial Chemistry at UEMS, graduated in Chemistry Technician by SENAI, CNPq scholarship holder with the scientific initiation project ''Genotoxicity, sun protection factor and chemical composition of extracts from bark and leaves of Campomanesia sessiliflora''. With experience in research in the area of biodiesel and phytotherapic plants.

    Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso

    State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Center for Studies in Natural Resources, Dourados Unit. Rodovia Ithaum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.

    OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-0056

    Graduated in Chemistry, Full Licentiate from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Master's and Doctorate in Chemistry from the Chemistry Institute of Araraquara -UNESP. Since 1998, she has been a professor at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, working in undergraduate courses in Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry and Physical Engineering and in the stricto sensu graduate program in Natural Resources. She also works as a professor in the Master's programs in Chemistry at UFGD and in the Doctorate in Chemistry at UFG-UEG-UFGD. Experience in the areas of Chemistry and Health, with emphasis on chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques applied to the analysis of samples of plant, animal and environmental origins. She has developed studies with medicinal plants and various substances, with emphasis on the photoprotective, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antitumor actions, in addition to in vivo and in vitro toxicological analyzes of products from samples of plant and animal origin. She served as Scientific Director of the Foundation for Support to Development, Teaching, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT-MS) and as a member of the Superior Council of FUNDECT-MS. She was assistant coordinator of the Chemistry course and coordinator of the Graduate Program in Natural Resources at UEMS. She works as a reviewer for different international journals. She is currently Deputy President of Academic Programs at Chamber III (Engineering, Technology and Management) of the Interdisciplinary Area of ​​CAPES.

Keywords

Ocimum basilicum Linn
Ocimum gratissimum Linn
Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke
Essential oil
Sun protection fator

Abstract

Species of the genus Ocimum, also known as basil, are used to prevent various diseases, such as culinary and flavoring spices. In this study, three species of this genus were evaluated for chemical composition and sun protection factor (SPF) of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum kilimandscharicum Güerke. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by means of hydrodistillation, the identification of the substances was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the SPF by spectrophotometry. According to the results, it was possible to identify sixteen substances in O. basilisicum, with linalool (64.15%) as the majority. Twenty-two substances were identified in O. gratissimum, with eugenol (30.92%) being the majority substance, and for the species O. kilimandscharicum, twenty-three substances were identified, of which methyl E-cinnamate (42.20%) presented greater abundance. The highest SPF value was 2.28 for O. killimandscharicum, justifying its incorporation in multifunctional formulations.

References

  1. INCA. Câncer de Pele não melanoma. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília –DF. 2020. [Link].
  2. Dalcin MM, Krause GC, Scherer CM, CeolinS, Lautenschleger G, Badke MR. Câncer de pele em trabalhadores rurais: fotoexposição e orientação quanto a fatores de risco. Res Soc Dev. 2021; 10(1): e15110111594. ISSN 2525-3409. [CrossRef].
  3. Schorro JRS, Silva TP, Teodoro EIS, Chierrito D, Teston APM. Influência de diferentes ativos em formulações de produtos dermocosméticos com fator de proteção solar. Braz J Dev. 2020; 6(5): 29741-29754. ISSN 2525-8761. [CrossRef].
  4. Nakagami IA, Pinto LP. Beleza sustentável: ativos naturais na formulação de cosméticos orgânicos. Res Soc Devn. 2019; 9(2): e88922064. ISSN 2525-3409. [CrossRef].
  5. Aguiar MA, Novelli PHGS. Desenvolvimento de uma formulação cosmética antioxidante e fotoprotetora à base de curcumina. Perspect Ciênc Tecnol. 2020; 12: 24-39. ISSN 1984-5693. [CrossRef].
  6. Desam NR, Al-Rajab AJ. The Importance of Natural Products in Cosmetics. In: Pal D, Nayak AK, editores. Bioactive natural products for pharmaceutical applications. 1ª ed. Suiça:Spinger, Cham; 2021. p. 669-671. ISBN: 978-3-030-54027-2.
  7. Lohani A, Mishra AK, Verma A. Cosmeceutical potential of geranium and calendula essential oil: determination of antioxidant activity and in vitro sunprotection factor. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019; 18: 550-557. ISSN 1473-2165. [CrossRef].
  8. Pessoa SM, Heredia Zárate NA, Vieira MC, Cardoso CAL, Poppi NR, Formagio ASN et al. Total biomass and essential oil composition of Ocimum gratissimum L. in response to broiler litter and phosphorus. Rev Bras Pl Med. 2015; 17(1): 18-25. ISSN 1983-084X. [CrossRef].
  9. Santos MSM, Verdan MH, Piva RC, Viana LF, Cardoso CAL. Evaluation of the effects of the infusion of Ocimum selloi leaves using the Allium cepa model. Rev Agric Neotrop. 2021; 8(1): e5647. ISSN 2358-6303. [CrossRef].
  10. Piva RC, Verdan MH, Santos MSM, Batistote M, Cardoso CAL. Manufacturing and characterization of craft beers with leaves from Ocimum selloi Benth. J Food Sci Technol. 2021. ISSN 1365-2621 [CrossRef]
  11. Prakash B, Shukla R, Singh P, Mishra PK, Dubey NK, Kharwar RN. Efficacy of chemically characterized Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil as an antioxidant and a safe plant based antimicrobial against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of spices. Food Res Inter. 2011; 44(1): 385-390. ISSN 0963-9969 [CrossRef].
  12. Mith H, Yayi-Ladékan E, Sika KSD, Yaou Bokossa I, Moudachirou M, Daube G et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum and Ocimum gratissimum in function of harvesting time. J Essent Oil Bear Plants. 2014; 19(6): 1413-1425. ISSN 0976-5026. [CrossRef].
  13. Oliveira LBS, Batista AHM, Fernandes FC, Sales GWP, Nogueira NAP. Atividade antifúngica e possível mecanismo de ação do óleo essencial de folhas de Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) sobre espécies de Candida. Rev Bras Plantas Med. 2016; 18 (2): 511-523. ISSN 1983-084X [CrossRef]
  14. Lemos JDA, Passos XS, Fernandes ODFL, Paula JRD, Ferri PH, Lemos ADA et al. Antifungal activity from Ocimum gratissimum L. towards Cryptococcus neoformans. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005; 100(1): 55-58. ISSN 1678-8060 [CrossRef]
  15. Lima VT, Vieira MC, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL, Alves JM, Foglio MA et al. Chemical composition and free radical-scavenging, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from Ocimum kilimandscharicum. Phytomed. 2014; 21: 1298-1302. ISSN 0944-7113. [CrossRef].
  16. Sajjadi SE. Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Ira. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2012; 14(3): 128-130. ISSN 2008-2231. [Link].
  17. Telci I, Bayram E, Yilmaz G, Avci B. Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.). Biochem Syst Ecol. 34: 489-497. ISSN 0305-1978. [CrossRef].
  18. Venâncio AM, Onofre ASC, Lira AF, Alves PB, Blank AF, Antoniolli ÂR et al. Chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of a plant breeding cultivar of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Pl Med. 2011; 77(8): 825-829. ISSN 0032-0943. [CrossRef].
  19. Politeo O, Jukic M, Milos M. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil. Food Chem. 2007; 101(1): 379-385. ISSN 0308-8146. [CrossRef].
  20. Adams RP. Identification of Essential Oil Components By Gas Chromatography/Mass. USA: Allured Publishing; 2007. p. 455. ISBN: 0931710855.
  21. Mansur JS, Breder MNR, Mansur MCD, Azulay R. Determinação do fator de proteção solar por espectrofotometria. An Bras Dermatol. 1986; 61(3): 121-124. ISSN 0365-0596. [Link].
  22. Freire CMM, Marques MOM, Costa M. Effects of seasonal variation on the central nervous system activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 105(1-2): 161-166. ISSN 0378-8741 [CrossRef].
  23. Prabhu KS, Lobo R, Shirwaikar AA, Shirwaikar A. Ocimum gratissimum: a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. Open Complement Med J. 2009; 1(1): 1-15. ISSN 1876-391X. [CrossRef].
  24. Oliveira VCS, Moura DMS, Lopes JAD, Andrade PP, Silva NH, Figueiredo CBQ. Effects of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Lippia sidoides Cham., and Ocimum gratissimum L. on growth and ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes. Parasitol Res. 2009; 104(5): 1053-1059. ISSN 1432-1955 [CrossRef].
  25. Benitez NP, Meléndez León EM, Stashenko EE. Eugenol and methyl eugenol chemotypes of essential oil of species Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum campechianum Mill. from Colombia. J Chromatogr Sci. 2009; 47(9): 800-803. ISSN 1945-239X [CrossRef].
  26. Barbosa CO, Morais SM, Sousa HÁ, Martins VC, Neto JFC, Vieira IGP et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of essential oils from different Ocimum species (Basil). Braz J Dev. 2021; 7(3): 24422-24442. ISSN 2525-8761. [CrossRef].
  27. Lima VT, Vieira MC, Formagio ASN, Zárate NAH, Cardoso CAL, Gonçalves WV et al. Chicken manure and phosphorus influence on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum. J Agr Sci. 2020; 12(10): 77-85. ISSN 1916-9760. [CrossRef].
  28. Padalia RC, Verma RS. Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India. Nat Prod Res. 2011; 25(6): 569-575. ISSN 1478-6419. [CrossRef].
  29. Verma RS, Bisht PS, Padalia RC, Saikia D, Chauhan A. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from two Ocimum spp grown in sub-tropical India during spring-summer cropping season. J Tradit Med. 2011; 6(5): 211-217. ISSN 1881-3747. [Link].
  30. Chaturvedi T, Kumar A, Verma RS, Padalia RC, Sundaresan V, Chauhan A et al. Chemical composition, genetic diversity, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of camphor-basil (Ocimum kilimandscharicum Güerke). Ind Crop Prod. 2018;118: 246-369. ISSN 0926-6690. [CrossRef].
  31. Saha S, Dhar TD, Sengupta C, Ghosh P. Biological activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of five Ocimum species against pathogenic bacteria. Czech J Food Sci. 2013; 31(2): 195-202. ISSN 1805-9317. [CrossRef].
  32. Joshi RK. Chemical composition of the essential oil of camphor basil (Ocimum kilimandscaricum Güerke). Glob J Medicin Pl Res. 2013; 1(2): 207-209. ISSN 2277-4289. [Link].
  33. Kumar N, Shukla R, Chanotiya CS, Yadav A, Singh AK, Bagchi GD. Effect of seasons and drying on the essential oil composition of leaf in Ocimum kilimandscharicum Güerke. J Essent Oil Res. 2009; 21(5): 400-402. ISSN 2163-8152. [CrossRef].
  34. Vieira RF, Simon JE. Chemical characterization of basil (Ocimum spp.) based on volatile oils. Flavour Fragr J. 2006; 21(2): 214-221. ISSN 1099-1026. [CrossRef].
  35. Carovic-Stanko K, Liber Z, Politeo O, Strikic F, Kolak I, Milos M et al. Molecular and chemical characterization of the most widespread Ocimum species. Plant Sys Evol. 2011; 294: 253-262. ISSN 1615-6110. [CrossRef].
  36. Morais LAS. Influência dos fatores abióticos na composição química dos óleos essenciais. Hort Bras. 2009; 27(2): S4050- S4063. ISSN 1806-9991 [Link].
  37. Silveira ES. Desenvolvimento e avaliação farmacológica de nanocápsulas de cinamato de metil: potencial anti-inflamatório. 96 f. Fortaleza; 2015. Dissertação de Mestrado [Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas] - Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFCE, Fortaleza; 2015. [Link].
  38. Moura MMV. Atividade fotoprotetora de extratos vegetais: uma revisão da literatura. João Pessoa; 2020. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação [em Farmácia] – Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa; 2020. [Link].
  39. Fonseca Júnior EQ, Castilho RB, Albuquerque PM, Silva GF. Avaliação do potencial fotoprotetor dos óleos essenciais e extratos etanólicos de aniba canelilla (h.b.k) mez. Braz J Dev. 2019; 5(6): 7294-7301. ISSN 2525-8761. [CrossRef].
  40. Kaur CD, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmcogn Res. 2010; 2(1): 22-25. ISSN 0974-8490. [Link].
  41. ANVISA. Resolução - RDC Nº 30, de 1º de junho de 2012. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico Mercosul sobre Protetores Solares em Cosméticos e dá outras providências. Ministério da Saúde. 2012. [Link].
XML (Portuguese)
PDF (Portuguese)
HTML (Portuguese)
Save bookmark

Author(s)

  • Nathalie Barbosa Cavalcante
    Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Industrial Chemistry Course, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-5492
  • Raul Cremonezi Piva
    Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Department of Chemistry, Rodovia Ithaum, km 12, University City, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-595X
  • Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
    Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Industrial Chemistry Course, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8127-1990
  • Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
    State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Center for Studies in Natural Resources, Dourados Unit. Rodovia Ithaum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-0056

Metrics

  • Article viewed 565 time(s)

How to Cite

1.
Chemical composition and sun protection factor of essential oils from the leaves of Ocimum species. Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];16(2):181-9. Available from: https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/1177
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

1. DIREITOS CEDIDOS - A cessão total não exclusiva, permanente e irrevogável dos direitos autorais patrimoniais não comerciais de utilização de que trata este documento inclui, exemplificativamente, os direitos de disponibilização e comunicação pública da OBRA, em qualquer meio ou veículo, inclusive em Repositórios Digitais, bem como os direitos de reprodução, exibição, execução, declamação, recitação, exposição, arquivamento, inclusão em banco de dados, preservação, difusão, distribuição, divulgação, empréstimo, tradução, dublagem, legendagem, inclusão em novas obras ou coletâneas, reutilização, edição, produção de material didático e cursos ou qualquer forma de utilização não comercial.

2. AUTORIZAÇÃO A TERCEIROS - A cessão aqui especificada concede à FIOCRUZ - FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ o direito de autorizar qualquer pessoa – física ou jurídica, pública ou privada, nacional ou estrangeira – a acessar e utilizar amplamente a OBRA, sem exclusividade, para quaisquer finalidades não comerciais, nos termos deste instrumento.

3. USOS NÃO COMERCIAIS - Usos não comerciais são aqueles em que a OBRA é disponibilizada gratuitamente, sem cobrança ao usuário e sem intuito de lucro direto por parte daquele que a disponibiliza e utiliza.

4. NÃO EXCLUSIVIDADE - A não exclusividade dos direitos cedidos significa que tanto o AUTOR como a FIOCRUZ - FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ ou seus autorizados poderão exercê-los individualmente de forma independente de autorização ou comunicação, prévia ou futura.

5. DIREITOS RESERVADOS - São reservados exclusivamente ao(s) AUTOR(es) os direitos morais sobre as obras de sua autoria e/ou titularidade, sendo os terceiros usuários responsáveis pela atribuição de autoria e manutenção da integridade da OBRA em qualquer utilização. Ficam reservados exclusivamente ao(s) AUTOR(es) e/ou TITULAR(es) os usos comerciais da OBRA incluída no âmbito deste instrumento.

6. AUTORIA E TITULARIDADE - O AUTOR declara ainda que a obra é criação original própria e inédita, responsabilizando-se integralmente pelo conteúdo e outros elementos que fazem parte da OBRA, inclusive os direitos de voz e imagem vinculados à OBRA, obrigando-se a indenizar terceiros por danos, bem como indenizar e ressarcir a FIOCRUZ - FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ de eventuais despesas que vierem a suportar, em razão de qualquer ofensa a direitos autorais ou direitos de voz ou imagem, principalmente no que diz respeito a plágio e violações de direitos.

7. GRATUIDADE - A cessão e autorização dos direitos indicados e estabelecidos neste Instrumento será gratuita, não sendo devida qualquer remuneração, a qualquer título, ao autor e/ou titular, a qualquer tempo.

Report an error