Potenciais antibacteriano e antioxidante de chás das folhas de Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler (Salicaceae)

Larissa Paula Souza; Thiago Luis  Aguayo de   Castro; Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso

doi:10.32712/2446-4775.2023.1494

Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of teas from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler (Salicaceae)

Vol. 17 No. 4 (2023)
528-539
01/08/2022
20/12/2023
https://doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2023.1494

Larissa Paula Souza
Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso

State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Post-Graduation in Natural Resources, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970. Dourados, MS, Brazil.

OrcID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-0056

Technician in Industrial Chemistry from UTFPel, Degree in Chemistry from UFMS, Master and Doctorate in Chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara - UNESP. Professor at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, working in undergraduate courses and in the stricto sensu graduate program in Natural Resources. She also works as a professor in the Master's Programs in Chemistry at UFGD and in the Doctorate in Chemistry at UFG-UEG-UFGD. Experience in the areas of Chemistry, Technology, Biotechnology and Health Sciences, with emphasis on chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques applied to the analysis of samples of plant, animal and environmental origins and in the evaluation of biological potential for the development of products. He has developed studies in several areas, but most focused on medicinal and food plants, with emphasis on photoprotective, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and antitumor actions, in addition to chemical, biological and toxicological analyzes in vivo and in vitro in products derived from samples of plant and animal origin. She also served as Scientific Director of the Mato Grosso do Sul Development, Teaching, Science and Technology Support Foundation (FUNDECT-MS) and member of the FUNDECT-MS Superior Council. She was assistant coordinator of the Chemistry course and coordinator of the Graduate Program in Natural Resources, both at UEMS. Deputy President of Academic Programs of Chamber III (Engineering, Technology and Management) of the Interdisciplinary Area of CAPES. She is a reviewer of manuscripts for international and national journals, member of the editorial board and ad hoc consultant in funding agencies. Between 2019-2021, six studies carried out under her guidance were awarded at scientific events. Did she receive the 1th place award in the Featured Researcher category in 2021? FUNDECT-MS Exact Sciences

Keywords

Abstract

The leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) are used in aqueous preparations for medicinal purposes. C. sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler (Salicaceae) is common in the Cerrado and has a high content of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are bioactive compounds related to antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In this context, teas (infusion and decoction) were prepared from the leaves of C. sylvestris var. lingua and the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant and antibacterial potentials were evaluated. An exploratory spectroscopy analysis in the Ultraviolet-Visible and infrared regions indicated the presence of phenolic compounds with similar profiles in two extracts. The infusion and decoction showed significantly different levels of phenolic compounds, however, the levels of flavonoids and antioxidant potential did not show significant differences. Regarding antibacterial potential, infusion and decoction showed the same values, with the lowest inhibitory concentration of 250 µg mL^-1 for Burkholderia cepacia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The infusion and decoction have similar properties with antioxidant and antibacterial potentials, reinforcing the indication for external use as an antiseptic.

References

Bueno PCP, Abarca LFS, Anhesine NB, Giffoni MS, Pereira FMV, Torres RB et al. Infraspecific chemical variability and biological activity of Casearia sylvestris from different brazilian biomes. Pl Med. 2021; 87(01/02): 148-159. ISSN 0032-0943. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1301-0183].
Carvalho PE. Cafezeiro-do-Mato: Casearia Sylvestris. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas -Circular Técnica 138, 2007.
Tribess B, Pintarelli GM, Bini LA, Camargo A, Funez LA, Gasper AL et al. Ethnobotanical study of plants used for therapeutic purposes in the Atlantic Forest region, Southern Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015; 164: 136-146. ISSN 0378-8741. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.005].
Silva MLC, Costa RS, Santana AS, Koblitz MGB. Compostos fenólicos, carotenóides e atividade antioxidante em produtos vegetais. Semin Ciênc Agrár. 2010; 31(3): 669-681. ISSN 1676-546X. [https://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/viewFile/6510/5926].
Arjona FBS, Montezuma RCM, Silva IM. Aspectos etnobotânicos e biogeografia de espécies medicinais e/ou rituais comercializadas no mercado de Madureira, RJ. Caminhos Geogr. 2007; 8(23): 41-50. ISSN 1678-6343. [https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/caminhosdegeografia/article/view/15661].
Benelli P, Comim SRR, Oliveira JV, Pedrosa RC, Ferreira SRS. Phase equilibrium data of guaçatonga (Casearia sylvestris) extract + etanol + CO2 system and encapsulation using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J Supercrit Fluids. 2014; 93: 103-111. ISSN 0896-8446. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.02.007]
Bortolotto IM, Damasceno-Junior GA, Pott A. Lista preliminar das plantas alimentícias nativas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia. 2018; 73: 101-116. ISSN 2446-8231. [https://doi.org/10.21826/2446-8231201873s101].
CRF-SP. Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos. 4a ed. São Paulo: Conselho Regional de Farmácia do Estado de São Paulo, 2019. ISBN: 978-85-9533-023-8.
de Castro TLA, Santos MSM, Cardoso CAL. Extratos aquosos de Casearia sylvestris Swartz: Uma revisão. RECIMA21 Rev Cien Mult. 2021; 2(4): e24260. ISSN 2675-6218. [https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v2i4.260].
Guimarães R, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR. Infusions and decoctions of mixed herbs used in folk medicine: synergism in antioxidant potential. Phyther Res. 2011; 25(8): 1209–1214. ISSN 1099-1573. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3366].
Kim YS, Kim C-H. Chemopreventive role of green tea in head and neck cancers. Integr Med Res. 2014; 3(1): 11–15. ISSN 2213-4239. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2013.12.005].
Wojdylo A, Oszmianski J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem. 2007; 105(3): 940-949. ISSN 0308-8146. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038].
de Castro TLA, Duarte BF, Cardoso CAL. Photoprotective action, antioxidant activity, and toxicityof aqueous extracts of Campomanesia sessiliflora O. Berg. Rev Colomb Quim. 2022; 50(3): 10-15. [https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v50n3.97095].
Sousa CM, Silva HR, Vieira-JR GM, Ayres MC, Costa CLS, Araújo DS et al. Fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Quím nova. 2007; 30(2): 351-355. ISSN 0100-4042. [https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000200021].
Lima MD, de Sousa CP, Fernandez-Prada C, Harel J, Dubreuil JD, De Souza EL. A review of the current evidence of fruit phenolic compounds as potential antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2019; 130: 259-70. ISSN 0882-4010. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.025].
Silva SL, Chaar JS, Damico DCS, Figueiredo PMS, Yano T. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract from leaves of Casearia sylvestris. Pharm Biol. 2008; 46(5): 347-351. ISSN 13880209. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200801887963].
Espinosa J, Medeiros LF, Souza A, Güntzel ARC, Rücker B, Casali EA et al. Extrato etanólico de Casearia sylvestris Sw apresenta atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana in vitro e efeito hipolipemiante em ratos. Rev Bras Pl Med. 2015; 17(2): 305-315. ISSN 1983-084X. [https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/13_074].
Cavalheiro AH, Godoi APT, Carvalho TC, Catirse AB, Furtado NAJC. Antimicrobial potential of Casearia sylvestris against oral bacteria. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2016; 45(4): 214-218. ISSN 1807-2577. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.11015].
Vinagre AS, Rönnau ADRO, Pereira SF, Silveira LU, Wiiland EF, Suyenaga ES. Anti-diabetic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg) leaf decoction. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2010; 46(2): 169-177. ISSN 2175-9790. [https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502010000200002].
Cardoso CAL, de Castro TLA, Goneli ALD, Verdan MH. Chemical composition and photoprotective potential of infusion extract from Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler Leaves. Orbital Electron J Chem. 2022; 14(2): 89-94. ISSN 1984-6428. [https://doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v14i2.15578].
Djeridane A, Yousfi M, Nadjemi B, Boutassouna D, Stocker P, Vidal N. Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 2006; 97(1): 654-660. ISSN 0308-8146. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028].
Capanoglu E, Beekwilder J, Boyacioglu D, Hall R, Vos R. Changes in antioxidant and metabolite profiles during production of tomato paste. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56: 964-973. ISSN 0021-8561. [https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072990e].
Bernardi RC, Santos-Junior LC, Guimarrães IC, Marcorini LFB, Antonialli-Junior WF, Cardoso CAL. Screening do potencial da peçonha da formiga Odontomachus chelifer (Fowler, 1980) como fonte de agentes terapêuticos. Interbio. 2017; 11: 55–62. ISSN 1981-3775.
Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS, Vyvyan JR. Introdução à espectroscopia. 5a ed. USA: Cengage Learning, 2010. ISBN 978-85-221-2338-4.
Angelo PM, Jorge N. Compostos fenólicos em alimentos–Uma breve revisão. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2007; 66(1): 1-9. ISSN 1983-3814. [https://doi.org/10.53393/rial.2007.v66.32841].
Ashokkumar R, Ramaswamy M. Phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic analysis of leaf extracts of selected Indian Medicinal plants. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2014; 3(1): 395-406. ISSN 2319-7706. [https://asset-pdf.scinapse.io/prod/2187012130/2187012130.pdf].
Bekiaris G, Bruun S, Peltre C, Houot S, Jensen LS. FTIR–PAS: A powerful tool for characterising the chemical composition and predicting the labile C fraction of various organic waste products. J Waste Manag. 2015; 39: 45-56. ISSN 0956-053X. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.029].
Jain PK, Soni A, Jain P, Bhawsar J. Phytochemical analysis of Mentha spicata plant extract using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC/MS technique. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016; 8(2): 1-6. ISSN 0975-7384. [https://www.jocpr.com/articles/phytochemical-analysis-of-mentha-spicata-plant-extract-using-uvvis-ftir-and-gcms-technique.pdf].
Hari N, Nair VP. FTIR Spectroscopic analysis of leaf extract in hexane in Jasminum Azoricum L. Int J Scient Res Scienc Techn. 2018; 4(8): 170-172. ISSN 2395-602X. [https://ijsrst.com/paper/4472.pdf].
Bueno PCP, Passareli F, Anhesine NB, Torres RB, Cavalheiro AJ. Flavonoids from Casearia sylvestris Swartz variety lingua (Salicaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol. 2016; 68: 23-26. ISSN 0305-1978. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2016.06.002].
Carvalho FA, da Silva BC, Oda FB, Junior JC, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AE et al. In vitro schistosomicidal activities of the leaf extracts from Casearia sylvestris varieties. Chem Biodivers. 2022; 19(2): e202100948. ISSN 1612-1872. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100948].
Song XC, Canellas E, Asensio E, Nerín C. Predicting the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of bearberry leaves by data fusion of UV–Vis spectroscopy and UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Talanta. 2020; 213: e120831. ISSN 0039-9140. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120831].
de Castro TLA, Souza LP, Lima-Junior SE, Cardoso CAL. Optimization of obtaining extracts with photoprotective and antioxidant potential from Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. Sustain. Chem Pharm. 2023; 31: e100945. ISSN 2352-5541. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100945]
Mosaddik MA, Banbury L, Forster P, Booth R, Markham J, Leach D et al. Screening of some Australian Flacourtiaceae species for in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Phytomedicine. 2004; 11(5): 461-466. ISSN 0944-7113. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.001].
Verruck S, Prudencio ES, Silveira SM. Compostos bioativos com capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana em frutas. Rev Congresso Sul Bras Eng Alimentos. 2018; 4(1). [http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/24473650412018111].

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Author(s)

Larissa Paula Souza
State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Department of Industrial Chemistry, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 79804-970. Dourados, MS, Brazil.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-6578
Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Post-Graduation in Natural Resources, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970. Dourados, MS, Brazil.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8127-1990
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Post-Graduation in Natural Resources, University City of Dourados, CEP: 79804-970. Dourados, MS, Brazil.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-0056

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Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of teas from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler (Salicaceae). Rev Fitos [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 20 [cited 2025 Feb. 16];17(4):528-39. Available from: https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/1494

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Bueno PCP, Abarca LFS, Anhesine NB, Giffoni MS, Pereira FMV, Torres RB et al. Infraspecific chemical variability and biological activity of Casearia sylvestris from different brazilian biomes. Pl Med. 2021; 87(01/02): 148-159. ISSN 0032-0943. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1301-0183].

[2] Carvalho PE. Cafezeiro-do-Mato: Casearia Sylvestris. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas -Circular Técnica 138, 2007.

[3] Tribess B, Pintarelli GM, Bini LA, Camargo A, Funez LA, Gasper AL et al. Ethnobotanical study of plants used for therapeutic purposes in the Atlantic Forest region, Southern Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015; 164: 136-146. ISSN 0378-8741. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.005].

[4] Silva MLC, Costa RS, Santana AS, Koblitz MGB. Compostos fenólicos, carotenóides e atividade antioxidante em produtos vegetais. Semin Ciênc Agrár. 2010; 31(3): 669-681. ISSN 1676-546X. [https://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semagrarias/article/viewFile/6510/5926].

[5] Arjona FBS, Montezuma RCM, Silva IM. Aspectos etnobotânicos e biogeografia de espécies medicinais e/ou rituais comercializadas no mercado de Madureira, RJ. Caminhos Geogr. 2007; 8(23): 41-50. ISSN 1678-6343. [https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/caminhosdegeografia/article/view/15661].

[6] Benelli P, Comim SRR, Oliveira JV, Pedrosa RC, Ferreira SRS. Phase equilibrium data of guaçatonga (Casearia sylvestris) extract + etanol + CO2 system and encapsulation using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J Supercrit Fluids. 2014; 93: 103-111. ISSN 0896-8446. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.02.007]

[7] Bortolotto IM, Damasceno-Junior GA, Pott A. Lista preliminar das plantas alimentícias nativas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia. 2018; 73: 101-116. ISSN 2446-8231. [https://doi.org/10.21826/2446-8231201873s101].

[8] CRF-SP. Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos. 4a ed. São Paulo: Conselho Regional de Farmácia do Estado de São Paulo, 2019. ISBN: 978-85-9533-023-8.

[9] de Castro TLA, Santos MSM, Cardoso CAL. Extratos aquosos de Casearia sylvestris Swartz: Uma revisão. RECIMA21 Rev Cien Mult. 2021; 2(4): e24260. ISSN 2675-6218. [https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v2i4.260].

[10] Guimarães R, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR. Infusions and decoctions of mixed herbs used in folk medicine: synergism in antioxidant potential. Phyther Res. 2011; 25(8): 1209–1214. ISSN 1099-1573. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3366].

[11] Kim YS, Kim C-H. Chemopreventive role of green tea in head and neck cancers. Integr Med Res. 2014; 3(1): 11–15. ISSN 2213-4239. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2013.12.005].

[12] Wojdylo A, Oszmianski J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem. 2007; 105(3): 940-949. ISSN 0308-8146. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038].

[13] de Castro TLA, Duarte BF, Cardoso CAL. Photoprotective action, antioxidant activity, and toxicityof aqueous extracts of Campomanesia sessiliflora O. Berg. Rev Colomb Quim. 2022; 50(3): 10-15. [https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v50n3.97095].

[14] Sousa CM, Silva HR, Vieira-JR GM, Ayres MC, Costa CLS, Araújo DS et al. Fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Quím nova. 2007; 30(2): 351-355. ISSN 0100-4042. [https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000200021].

[15] Lima MD, de Sousa CP, Fernandez-Prada C, Harel J, Dubreuil JD, De Souza EL. A review of the current evidence of fruit phenolic compounds as potential antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2019; 130: 259-70. ISSN 0882-4010. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.025].

[16] Silva SL, Chaar JS, Damico DCS, Figueiredo PMS, Yano T. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract from leaves of Casearia sylvestris. Pharm Biol. 2008; 46(5): 347-351. ISSN 13880209. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200801887963].

[17] Espinosa J, Medeiros LF, Souza A, Güntzel ARC, Rücker B, Casali EA et al. Extrato etanólico de Casearia sylvestris Sw apresenta atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana in vitro e efeito hipolipemiante em ratos. Rev Bras Pl Med. 2015; 17(2): 305-315. ISSN 1983-084X. [https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/13_074].

[18] Cavalheiro AH, Godoi APT, Carvalho TC, Catirse AB, Furtado NAJC. Antimicrobial potential of Casearia sylvestris against oral bacteria. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2016; 45(4): 214-218. ISSN 1807-2577. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.11015].

[19] Vinagre AS, Rönnau ADRO, Pereira SF, Silveira LU, Wiiland EF, Suyenaga ES. Anti-diabetic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg) leaf decoction. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2010; 46(2): 169-177. ISSN 2175-9790. [https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502010000200002].

[20] Cardoso CAL, de Castro TLA, Goneli ALD, Verdan MH. Chemical composition and photoprotective potential of infusion extract from Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler Leaves. Orbital Electron J Chem. 2022; 14(2): 89-94. ISSN 1984-6428. [https://doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v14i2.15578].

[21] Djeridane A, Yousfi M, Nadjemi B, Boutassouna D, Stocker P, Vidal N. Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 2006; 97(1): 654-660. ISSN 0308-8146. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028].

[22] Capanoglu E, Beekwilder J, Boyacioglu D, Hall R, Vos R. Changes in antioxidant and metabolite profiles during production of tomato paste. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56: 964-973. ISSN 0021-8561. [https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072990e].

[23] Bernardi RC, Santos-Junior LC, Guimarrães IC, Marcorini LFB, Antonialli-Junior WF, Cardoso CAL. Screening do potencial da peçonha da formiga Odontomachus chelifer (Fowler, 1980) como fonte de agentes terapêuticos. Interbio. 2017; 11: 55–62. ISSN 1981-3775.

[24] Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS, Vyvyan JR. Introdução à espectroscopia. 5a ed. USA: Cengage Learning, 2010. ISBN 978-85-221-2338-4.

[25] Angelo PM, Jorge N. Compostos fenólicos em alimentos–Uma breve revisão. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2007; 66(1): 1-9. ISSN 1983-3814. [https://doi.org/10.53393/rial.2007.v66.32841].

[26] Ashokkumar R, Ramaswamy M. Phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic analysis of leaf extracts of selected Indian Medicinal plants. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2014; 3(1): 395-406. ISSN 2319-7706. [https://asset-pdf.scinapse.io/prod/2187012130/2187012130.pdf].

[27] Bekiaris G, Bruun S, Peltre C, Houot S, Jensen LS. FTIR–PAS: A powerful tool for characterising the chemical composition and predicting the labile C fraction of various organic waste products. J Waste Manag. 2015; 39: 45-56. ISSN 0956-053X. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.029].

[28] Jain PK, Soni A, Jain P, Bhawsar J. Phytochemical analysis of Mentha spicata plant extract using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC/MS technique. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016; 8(2): 1-6. ISSN 0975-7384. [https://www.jocpr.com/articles/phytochemical-analysis-of-mentha-spicata-plant-extract-using-uvvis-ftir-and-gcms-technique.pdf].

[29] Hari N, Nair VP. FTIR Spectroscopic analysis of leaf extract in hexane in Jasminum Azoricum L. Int J Scient Res Scienc Techn. 2018; 4(8): 170-172. ISSN 2395-602X. [https://ijsrst.com/paper/4472.pdf].

[30] Bueno PCP, Passareli F, Anhesine NB, Torres RB, Cavalheiro AJ. Flavonoids from Casearia sylvestris Swartz variety lingua (Salicaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol. 2016; 68: 23-26. ISSN 0305-1978. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2016.06.002].

[31] Carvalho FA, da Silva BC, Oda FB, Junior JC, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AE et al. In vitro schistosomicidal activities of the leaf extracts from Casearia sylvestris varieties. Chem Biodivers. 2022; 19(2): e202100948. ISSN 1612-1872. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100948].

[32] Song XC, Canellas E, Asensio E, Nerín C. Predicting the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of bearberry leaves by data fusion of UV–Vis spectroscopy and UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Talanta. 2020; 213: e120831. ISSN 0039-9140. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120831].

[33] de Castro TLA, Souza LP, Lima-Junior SE, Cardoso CAL. Optimization of obtaining extracts with photoprotective and antioxidant potential from Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. Sustain. Chem Pharm. 2023; 31: e100945. ISSN 2352-5541. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100945]

[34] Mosaddik MA, Banbury L, Forster P, Booth R, Markham J, Leach D et al. Screening of some Australian Flacourtiaceae species for in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Phytomedicine. 2004; 11(5): 461-466. ISSN 0944-7113. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.001].

[35] Verruck S, Prudencio ES, Silveira SM. Compostos bioativos com capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana em frutas. Rev Congresso Sul Bras Eng Alimentos. 2018; 4(1). [http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/24473650412018111].